Budget deficit constitutes a major fiscal indicator. It has major important ramification on macro-economic position of all nations. In developing countries generally, and in Iran specifically, governments are likely to spend more on miscellaneous as well as differentiated obligations causing high expenditure costs with respect to their limited revenues. This causes a budget deficit to incur. Th...

Republicans control both houses of Congress as well as the presidency. Control means accountability, and large federal budget deficits do not harmonize with the Republican self-image of fiscal prudence. Thus, one of the top agenda items this spring and summer will be how to reduce the federal budget deficit. President Bush and congressional leaders have ruled out tax increases. This leaves only...

Abstract T he relationship between public sector deficits and inflation is one of the important and controversial issues in the academic literature as well as in economic policy field. On the other hand, a major objective of macroeconomic policies is to foster economic growth and to keep inflation on a low level. So keeping the price stability plays an important role in de...

The study examined the relationship between Budget deficit and Trade deficit for the economy of Pakistan. Time series data was used from the period 1972 to 2011. Augmented Dickey Fuller Test used to check the stationary of the variables and found that all variables were stationary at first difference. Johansen Co-integration used to find the long relationship and found that budget deficit has p...

Background: Value added tax as an indirect tax is one of the effective sources of government tax revenue and the study of its economic effects is the focus of many economic studies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of VAT on the stability of the public sector economy in Iran with the approach of promoting tax ethics and culture. Method: The present study was ...

Article History Received: 7 March 2017 Revised: 23 May 2017 Accepted: 14 June 2017 Published: 4 July 2017

the main purpose of this paper is analyses the short and long run relationship between budget deficit and trade deficit in some mena countries. the data cover the period from 1971-2000 (and for i.r. iran 1 959-2003).the relationship between these variables will be analyses in short and long run by using johansen cointegration tests, ecm, and granger causality test. the empirical evidence provid...

As the 1990s begin, social security is once again at the center of public debate. Under current projections social security is expected to post substantial surpluses during the next two or three decades and a string of ever-increasing deficits thereafter. In the meantime the social se­ curity trust funds are projected to accumulate large reserves. At the heart of the current controversy is the ...