Although rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina are anatomically connected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, rod-cone electrical coupling is thought to be weak. Using tracer labeling and electrical recording in the goldfish retina and tracer labeling in the mouse retina, we show that the retinal circadian clock, and not the retinal response to the vis...

The sensitivity to sine-wave flicker of a rod monochromat was compared with that of a normal subject at photopic and scotopic levels of luminance. The sensitivity of the rod monochromat in the low-frequency region (below 3 Hz at scotopic levels and below 12 to 14 Hz at photopic levels) was found to be superior to that of the control. This superiority was most pronounced at photopic levels, wher...

Traditional methods for studying the effects of rod activity on color vision make it hard to assess the underlying physiological mechanisms. In this study, rod-mediated changes in color appearance were assessed by matching them with cone-mediated color changes. A four-primary photostimulator allowed independent control of rod and cone stimulation and identification of the cone types that genera...

abstract   background: pseudoarthrosis of the tibia poses one of the most challenging treatment problems in all of orthopedics. the goal of the study was to assess the clinical outcome of intramedullary rod fixation in its treatment.   methods: the results of the management for nine patients with pseudoarthrosis of the tibia with im rod fixation were reviewed retrospectively between 1986 - 2006...

Rod-cone gap junctions open at night to allow rod signals to pass to cones and activate the cone-bipolar pathway. This enhances the ability to detect large, dim objects at night. This electrical synaptic switch is governed by the circadian clock and represents a novel form of homeostatic plasticity that regulates retinal excitability according to network activity. We used tracer labeling and ER...

Abstract: Phononic crystals can be used to control elastic waves due to their frequency bands. This paper analyzes the passive and active control as well as the dispersion properties of longitudinal waves in rod-type piezoelectric phononic crystals over large frequency ranges. Based on the Love rod theory for modeling the longitudinal wave motions in the constituent rods and the method of rever...

In this note, a feedback boundary controller for an unstable heat equation is designed. The equation can be viewed as a model of a thin rod with not only the heat loss to a surrounding medium (stabilizing) but also the heat generation inside the rod (destabilizing). The heat generation adds a destabilizing linear term on the right-hand side of the equation. The boundary control law designed is ...