This article is a corrected reprint of K. R. Popper (1943). Are Contradictions Embracing? In: Mind 52 (205), pp. 47–50.

It is a grand challenge to model the emergence of swarm intelligence and many principles or models had been proposed. However, existing models do not catch the nature of swarm intelligence and they are not generic enough to describe various types of emergence phenomena. In this work, we propose a contradiction-centric model for emergence of swarm intelligence, in which individuals’ contradictio...