OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thrombosis in current users of different types of hormonal contraception, focusing on regimen, oestrogen dose, type of progestogen, and route of administration. DESIGN National cohort study. SETTING Denmark, 1995-2005. PARTICIPANTS Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of cardiovascular or malignant disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted rate ra...

objective: to compare side effects between users of two kinds of injectable contraceptives (depo-medroxy progesterone acetate and cyclofem). materials and methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study included 250 women, aged 18-40 years, using depo-medroxy progesterone acetate (dmpa) or cyclofem. the volunteers were examined six months after using contraceptive, and they were asked about fol...

Long-acting contraceptives are the most effective reversible contraceptive methods. Increasing patients’ access to these may translate into fewer unintended pregnancies and lead substantial individual public health benefits. However, development of long-acting products can be complex challenging. This review provides ( a) an overview representative programs for antipsychotics as cases conceptua...

Endometriosis is a chronic disease in which a persistent state of heightened inflammation is maintained by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. The progestins present in oral contraceptives are potent inhibitors of NF-κB translocation to cell nuclei, while Pycnogenol® (Pinus pinaster) acts by blocking post-translational events. In this study, the effects of Pycnogenol on pain scores were ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thromboembolism from use of combined oral contraceptives according to progestogen type and oestrogen dose. DESIGN National historical registry based cohort study. SETTING Four registries in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS Non-pregnant Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of thrombotic disease and followed from January 2001 to December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME M...

BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives are a common method of contraception, but they carry a risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. We assessed whether use of drospirenone was associated with an increase in thrombotic risk relative to third-generation combined oral contraceptives. METHODS Using computerized records of the largest health care provider in Israel, we identified all women aged...

Cross-sectional analyses have demonstrated an association between use of hormonal contraceptives and shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV). This prospective study evaluated the effect of initiating use of hormonal contraception on cervical HSV detection. Two hundred women who were seropositive for HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 were examined for cervical mucosal HSV by use...

This study investigates the interaction of the use of modern contraceptives, fertility, education, and long-run growth. It develops an economic model that takes into account that sexual intercourse is utility enhancing and that birth control by modern contraceptives is more efficient and more costly than traditional methods. The study shows how a traditional economy, in which modern contracepti...

The factor VIII clotting activity (VIIIc1 and factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) were determined repeatedly in 24 pairs of age-matched normal women, one of each pair being on oral contraceptives. No significant differences in either parameter or in the VIIIc/VIIIRAg ration were found between the two groups ,although the mean factor VIII clotting activity and VIIIc/VIIIRAg ratios for women on...

The possible interaction between exogenous reproductive hormones and athletic performance in females is an important issue that has been the topic of debate for at least four decades.  ere are numerous review articles on the e€ ect of oral contraceptives (OC) on athletic performance, however we feel that these reviews are insu cient as they do not include all categories of hormonal contracept...