This laboratory study examined the use of various wood materials as a carbon source in horizontal flow filters to denitrify nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from a synthetic wastewater. The filter materials were: sawdust (Pinus radiata), sawdust and soil, sawdust and sand, and medium-chip wood chippings and sand. Two influent concentrations of NO3-N, 200 mg L(-1) and 60 mg L(-1), loaded at 2.9 to 19.4 ...

The removal of microplastic from wastewater collected a plastic recycling facility was investigated, using laboratory scale sand-filter. Wastewater samples were before and after the onsite sand-filter, for characterization different polymer types, sizes, shapes. A considerable difference in characteristics concentrations microplastics observed sand-filtration, demonstrating differences source a...

Functional connectivity, the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes movement, depends on how animals perceive costs and benefits associated with habitat features and integrate them into a movement path. There have been few studies on functional connectivity in marine organisms, despite its importance for the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas. In this study, we asked how open...

AIMS To develop an anti-microbial filter media using an attached quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and evaluate its performance under conditions relevant to household drinking water treatment in developing countries. METHODS AND RESULTS Silica sand was coated with dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride via covalent silane chemistry. Filter columns packed with coated...

Two species of earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida, were used to de-clog sand filters purifying domestic sewage. The experimental set-up consisted of 6 filtration columns (4 research filters and 2 control filters) filled with fine sand (d60=0.2 mm, d10=0.1 mm). The sewage parameters at inflow to the filters were typical of the septic tank effluent. The filters were fed about 5.5...

abstractbackground: an electron beam generated x-ray spectrum consists of characteristic x-ray and continuous bermsstrahlung. the aim of this research is calculating and comparing x-ray spectra for different target filter of mammograms. materials and methods: monte carlo is a very powerful tool to simulate a series of different target-filter assembly in order to calculate the x-ray spectra. mcn...

Here we discuss the application of an edge detection filter, the Sobel filter of GIMP, to the recently discovered motion of some sand dunes on Mars. The filter allows a good comparison of an image HiRISE of 2007 and an image of 1999 recorded by the Mars Global Surveyor of the dunes in the Nili Patera caldera, measuring therefore the motion of the dunes on a longer period of time than that previ...

A three-pitcher (locally known as ‘3-Kolshi’) water filtration system made from locally available materials was tested for its efficacy in removing arsenic, other trace metals and anions from the groundwater of Bangladesh and the disposal of the filtering materials after the breakthrough was studied. In this filter, the first Kolshi has cast iron turnings, and sand, the second Kolshi has wood c...