What does it mean to say that an agent has a reason do certain action? Does she would desire the action, or there is some external consideration, which she ought to follow? Or third alternative? The debate between Humean affective (i.e., desire-based) and classical Kantian cognitive theories seemingly ended up in theoretical standoff, and so most of contributors have recently focused on con...

Критически рассматривая методологию интеллектуальной истории, выражаемую в двух основных подходах – текстуализме и контекстуализме Скиннер предлагает иную возможную стратегию, именуемую лингвистическим контекстуализмом. Подобный подход подразумевает, что тексты могут быть правильно поняты истолкованы только при изучении намерений автора посредством анализа лингвистического контекста. Critically...

Abstract According to Greco’s early explanatory salience contextualism, S knows that p if and only ’s cognitive abilities are the salient factor in a causal explanation of why holds true belief rather than false or no at all. Greco abandoned this view because it cannot handle fake barn cases proves impossible analyze knowledge terms quantitative characterization salience. The paper argues core ...

In the recent debate on the semantic/pragmatic divide, Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore (2005) on the one hand, and François Recanati (2004) on the other, occupy almost diametrically opposed positions as regards the role of semantics for communication, while largely agreeing on important features of pragmatics. According to Cappelen and Lepore (CL), semantic context sensitivity of natural langu...

“Science denialism”, which counters “science” with to direct a “selected knowledge” has caused “gap of truth” as in hoax that led doubts knowledge, is phenomenon skepticism the digital era. “Cartesian” verification knowledge limited because an algorithm-psychological-based “tool” can and utilize scientific data/values support/negate for particular purpose regardless objective truth. Thus, diffe...

Security management is now acknowledged as a key constituent of Information Systems (IS) management. IS security management traditionally relies on the formation and application of security policies. Most of the research in this field address issues regarding the structure and content of security policies; whereas the context within which security policies are conceived and developed remains ra...

In what follows, I strive to present the elements of a philosophical doctrine, which can be defined as dialectical contextualism. I proceed first to define the elements of this doctrine: dualities and polar contraries, the principle of dialectical indifference and the one-sidedness bias. I emphasize then the special importance of this doctrine in one specific field of meta-philosophy: the metho...

Epistemic contextualists think that the extension of the expression ‘knows’ (and its cognates) depends on and varies with the context of utterance. In the last 15 years or so this view has faced intense criticism. This paper focuses on two sorts of objections. The first are what I call the ‘linguistic objections’, which purport to show that the best available linguistic evidence suggests that ‘...

In this paper, I try to make sense of the idea that true knowledge attributions characterize something that is more valuable than true belief and that survives even if, as Contextualism implies, contextual changes make it no longer identifiable by a knowledge attribution. I begin by sketching a familiar, pragmatic picture of assertion that helps us to understand and predict how the words “S kno...