the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...

The present research aims to analyze the content of Ministry of Education’s strategic plans (the Fundamental Reform Document of Education, the Comprehensive National Scientific Plan and the National Curriculum Document) based on Shannon's entropy regarding the favorable components of teaching English. The contents of the Fundamental Reform Document of Education, the Comprehensive National Scien...

In order to identify the inconsistencies, differences, shortcomings, strengths, and weaknesses of the package of the intended curriculum for the first three grades in the subject of Farsi language a series of interviews with the field’s experts were conducted and the content of the package, consisting of reading and writing textbooks and teachers’ guide, analyzed using five areas of emphasis: B...

learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...