No country so empowers its citizens to redress the social harms committed by others as does the United States. Compensating the injured and deterring future violations are frequently seen as complementary objectives of private suits. Our legal system further affirms its commitment to compensation and deterrence through modern joinder rules and class action procedures, not to mention contingency...

We conducted a contemporary review covering advances and trends in primary and functional rhinoplasty as published during the past decade. Specifically, we reviewed studies supporting the evidence for functional rhinoplasty, nasal valve surgery, and septal reconstruction. In addition, key articles discussing cephalic malpositioning of the lower lateral cartilages and tip contouring are reviewed...

Measuring sea level change and understanding its causes has considerably improved in the recent years, essentially because new in situ and remote sensing observations have become available. Here we report on most recent results on contemporary sea level rise. We first present sea level observations from tide gauges over the twentieth century and from satellite altimetry since the early 1990s. W...

A comprehensive evaluation of 62 spirometers from 37 different sources was performed using a two-part protocol: calibrated syringe, and dynamic waveform testing. All testingwas done with ambient air. Calibrated syringe testing examined the ability of the spirometers to accurately measure the output of a 3 L calibrating syringe under varying conditions. The accuracy, FVC volume linearity, and st...

Imagine a town where wealthy residents live in strong, well-built homes in the center of town, and poorer residents live in rather shabby shacks around the edge of the town. Every few nights, without warning, some sort of monster or group of terrorists from the surrounding countryside carries off one of the residents from the homes around the edge of town. The hapless resident is never heard fr...

calls "the politics of knowledge dissemination", the tension between the desire to enfranchise the masses medically and the need to keep potentially dangerous knowledge in competent hands. These chapters hardly exhaust the subject, of course. Porter's compendious introduction acknowledges as much, but also rightly suggests that the value of this work is not simply that it explores several new p...

This presentation aims at providing a better understanding of the role, origin and evolution of participation in contemporary art with a specific focus on technology and participation. It will also provide an overview of participative art models developed in the last decade and the trend they created.

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States today. Oncologists are in a unique position to affect the health and economic burdens of smoking by encouraging cessation among their patients who smoke. METHODS The authors describe and review the effectiveness of current smoking cessation interventions as well as strategies that can be used to enco...