To coordinate movements with events in a dynamic environment the brain has to anticipate when those events occur. A classic example is the estimation of time to contact (TTC), that is, when an object reaches a target. It is thought that TTC is estimated from kinematic variables. For example, a tennis player might use an estimate of distance (d) and speed (v) to estimate TTC (TTC = d/v). However...

Many every-day activities necessitate an estimate of the time remaining until an object will hit us: the time-to-contact (TTC). Observers' skill in estimating TTC has been studied by considering the use and combination of key visual signals (e.g. looming and disparity). However, establishing observers' proficiency in estimating TTC can be complicated, as the variable of interest (time) is typic...

In this paper we focus on a time-extended theory of contact. It turns out that a suitable theory can be defined using L-valued or L-fuzzy version of a contact relation. We study this structure in the context of Goguen categories a suitable categorical formalization of L-valued/fuzzy relations.

This paper presents a method for generating dynamically feasible, keyframe-interpolating motions for robots undergoing contact, such as in legged locomotion and manipulation. The first stage generates a twice-differentiable interpolating path that obeys kinematic contact constraints up to a user-specified tolerance. The second stage optimizes speeds along the path to minimize time while satisfy...

Light alkanes can be converted to more useful chemicals in noble metal coated monoliths at very short contact times. The short-contacttime reactor is described by detailed models for the flow field, chemistry, and their coupling. The partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas in a rhodium coated monolith is studied numerically as an example. Keyword: reactor modelling, catalytic partial oxid...

Reliable and fast sensing of the environment is a fundamental requirement for autonomous mobile robotic platforms. Unfortunately, the frame-based acquisition paradigm at the basis of main stream artificial perceptive systems is limited by low temporal dynamics and redundant data flow, leading to high computational costs. Hence, conventional sensing and relative computation are obviously incompa...

Time to Contact (TTC) is a biologically inspired method for obstacle detection and reactive control of motion that does not require scene reconstruction or 3D depth estimation. TTC is a measure of distance expressed in time units. Our results show that TTC can be used to provide reactive obstacle avoidance for local navigation. In this paper we describe the principles of time to contact and sho...

adsorption capacity of cr (vi) onto cousinia eryngioides boiss, activated carbon was investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, initial concentration, ph, temperature, agitation speed, absorbent dose and particle size. cr (vi) removal is ph dependent and found to be maximum at ph 2.0. the amounts of cr (vi) adsorbed increased with increase...

background: silicon hydrogel bandage contact lenses are used to enhance epithelial healing, control surface-generated pain, and prevent epithelial erosions after refractive surgery. considering the importance of faster reepithelialization in preventing complications of photorefractive keratectomy (prk) and the fact that the features and specifications of these commercially-available lenses are ...

the effect of geometry and material of the micro/nano particle on contact mechanic for manipulation was studied in this work based on atomic force microscopy. hertz contact model simulation for eph biological micro particle with spherical, cylindrical, and circular crowned roller shape was used to investigate the effect of geometry on contact simulation process in manipulation. then, to validat...