The United States alone spends about $700B per year on new and renovated construction. About 20% of this is to assure safety from unwanted fires, which includes the cost of insurance, to make families whole after fires and to recover from business loss. This is an enormous cost to endure every year. Combined with a growing construction market in other countries, this presents a major opportunit...

Fire safety requirements on lift system used for evacuation in supertall buildings were discussed in this paper. Designs for fire and smoke protection for lift systems for evacuation were reviewed. Lifts are not yet designed to be used by most of the occupants in fire. Two major safety concerns were identified on the hazards due to smoke spread to the lift shafts and lobby; and the fire resisti...

Technologies now exist to simulate and observe fire spread at spatial resolutions on the order of 30 meters. The FARSITE modeling system recently introduced to the US fire management community provides twodimensional fire spread simulations from a laptop computer, given topography, fuels, and weather information. The quality of the fire spread simulations is subject to examination. This paper d...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of applying methods andamount of ammonium polyphosphate (0, 2 and 4 wt%) on fire retardancy andmechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites. the resultsshowed that addition of fire retardant improved the mechanical properties such astensile and flexural strengths and fire retardancy of composites. but by increasingof fire retar...

This thesis describes a theoretical, numerical and experimental heat transfer study of components of construction exposed to fire. Within the computational aspects of the work, one and two-dimensional finite difference and finite element methods have been developed to determine the transient temperature distributions in the cross-section of elements of construction subject to furnace fire tests...

The seepage and slope stability are very important and necessary in the dam dirt are, therefore, in this context, numerous applications to predict and calculate the rate of leakage has been prepared that than the experimental time and cost savings for the analysis of liquids before construction of earth dams need. In this study, safety factors for slope stability software Kaboodwal  plaxis two-...

Qasr-e Shirin owes its prominence primarily to the Sassanian period and the attention the region received from Khosrow Parviz. Khosrow took the first steps to make Qasr-e-Shirin habitable by constructing a complex consisting of a palace, a fortress, a religious building, a defensive wall and a water conveyance system. Later, Qasr-e-Shirin is mentioned in several texts and travel itineraries. Th...

Wood-plastic composites represent a growing class of materials used by the residential construction industry and the furniture industry. For some applications in these industries, the fire performance of the material must be known, and in some cases improved. Lab-scale fire performance tests allow for comparisons between WPC formulations. At the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) oxygen index tes...