This research aims to examine Sundanese students' proficiency and errors in performing final consonant clusters English. The used a qualitative approach. participants this were 40 college students. Their mother tongue was Sundanese. data recordings, which collected through pronunciation test of the target provided word list. A perceptual approach applied analyze recordings. results found that s...

In the acquisition of a second language, numerous factors interact simultaneously, including the patterns of the first language (L1), the patterns of the target language (L2), universals of language acquisition, and the amount and type of exposure to the L2. English is learned as a second language in India, where the first languages of the English learners differ widely in the phonotactics of c...

Japanese speakers often face difficulty in producing complex syllable onsets in English and insert an extra vowel. We examined whether the vowel inserted by Japanese speakers was epenthetic (phonological) or excrescent (phonetic). The acoustic data suggested that an L1 phonological process was involved in vowel insertion by Japanese speakers with lower-level English competency, because the inse...

The child’s path towards an ability to produce initial consonant clusters has previously been described as involving, perhaps optional, stages of application of the processes ‘cluster simplification’ and ‘cluster reduction’ (for instance Grunwell, 1987). The process of ‘cluster simplification’ is described as a deletion of all but one members of the cluster, resulting in a unbranched syllable o...

This study investigates the acquisition and representation of geminate plosives liquids in speech Ammani Arabic (AA) children aged from 2;6 (year; month) to 5 years, at six months intervals. Although gemination is perceived properly by AA an early stage, which they produce words including geminates significantly longer than with singletons, acoustic measurements indicate that children’s phoneti...

In this article, the low back vowel /A/ in word-final positions in Eghlidian dialect, one of Persian dialects, is studied. This vowel is represented phonetically as [A], [o] and [@] in different phonetic environments. Therefore many words were collected via interviewing ten native speakers so that these different alternant forms can be accounted for appropriately. Since one of the authors of th...

The special status of word-initial /s/-consonant clusters has long been observed by researchers: Some /s/-initial sequences, such as /s/-stop clusters, violate the Sonority Sequencing Principle. In English, /s/ is the only word-initial consonant that may be followed by another homorganic consonant (e.g. /st-/, /sn-/), by either a nasal or a stop (e.g. /sm-/, /sn-/, /sp-/), or by a two-element c...