This paper provides a review of the recent literature on some aspects of secular trends in Western countries. In particular, we discuss height variation, mainly on the basis of conscript data. There are still large height differences between European countries, and there is a marked trend for the tallest conscripts to be in northern Europe and the shortest ones in the southern part of the conti...

In her article "The Soldier as 'I'-Witness in Novels by Barbusse and Ehni" Jane E. Evans discusses the representation of the French soldier in two first-person accounts based on life writing journals. The first, set during World War I, describes the simple ground soldier or troufion (Le Feu). The second, set during the Algerian War for Independence and later, sketches the life of the French arm...

Adrian Y.L. Chan, Ph.D University of Nebraska, 2010 Advisor: Fred Luthans This study proposes that being reflective or ruminative about one's leadership experience can have differential effects on one's leadership efficacy, implicit leadership theories and psychological capital. Specifically, through the aid of an event history calendar, conscript military trainees of high and low military expe...

OBJECTIVE To investigate if signs of inflammation are associated with performance on a contemporaneous IQ-test in males aged 18-20. DESIGN Cohort study using data from the conscript register on performance on an IQ-test and on erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) measured in 1969/70. Data on cardiovascular risk factors measured at conscription and national register data on childhood circumst...

OBJECTIVE Long-term intellectual performance in breech-presented infants may be negatively affected by vaginal delivery. We evaluated the effect of presentation at birth and delivery mode on intellectual performance at age 18 years in a nationwide population study. METHODS We studied 8,738 male infants in breech and 384,832 males in cephalic presentation registered in the Medical Birth Regist...

The authors aimed to determine the relation between birth-weight variations within the normal range and intelligence in young adulthood. A historical birth cohort study was conducted. Data from the Medical Birth Register of Norway were linked with register data from the Norwegian National Conscript Service. The sample comprised 52,408 sibships of full brothers who were born singletons at 37-41 ...

Cannabis, or marijuana, has been consumed by humans for centuries and remains one of the most widely and commonly used illicit substances. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the association between cannabis use and psychosis. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence supporting and refuting the association between cannabis exposure and psychotic disorders, including schizo...

with the aims of protecting and exploiting the effects and values of imposed war and preventing the destruction and distorting them, the foundation for the preservation and publication of sacred defense works and values was established on february 26, 1991 by a command of the supreme leader and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. then, the central headquarters of the rahian-e noor was c...