The goal of this study was to compare the possible effects of three types of input-based instruction on the acquisition of English “WH” embedded questions. The impact of these instructions was investigated on Van Patten’s Sentence Location Principle. Participants were 105 university students in four intact classes who were randomly assigned to four conditions: processing instruction (PI), textu...

It is substantiated that particular features of pragmatics are teachable, and instruction is both necessary and effective. Determining what kind of intervention is most effectual for facilitating learners’ pragmatic development has been a central issue for researchers. To respond to the inconclusive findings in intervention studies and to extend the instructional studies in L2 pragmatics to les...

This study investigated the comparative effect of consciousness raising tasks on the reading comprehen- sion ability of the high and low risk-taking English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. To achieve the purpose of this study, 106 students from the Shahid Sattary University in Tehran were selected from among a total number of 150 based on their performance on the Preliminary English T...

This article discusses radical democratic citizenship in the context of ‘Rojava Revolution’, an ongoing society-building effort that emerged majority Kurdish regions Syrian war. It describes aspects political vision Abdullah Öcalan, as interpreted and applied by activists involved self-governance system Rojava (northern Syria), since 2012. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork region, focuses ways ...

this experimental study examined the effectiveness of using focused and unfocused tasks on iranianintermediate efl learners’ performance in producing noun, adjective, and adverb clauses. in addition,the aim of this study was to explore the effects of form-focused instruction and the feedback studentsreceived from their teacher after doing focused grammar tasks. data consisted of the scores ofth...