We prove a new congruence result for the π-calculus: bisimilarity is a congruence in the sub-calculus that does not include restriction nor sum, and features top-level replications. Our proof relies on algebraic properties of replication, and on a new syntactic characterisation of bisimilarity. We obtain this characterisation using a rewriting system rather than a purely equational axiomatisati...

This study examined the effectiveness of advertising in the context of commercialization congruence between online advertising and Web sites. Specifically, we separated commercialization congruence into commercial and noncommercial sectors, and drew from schema-congruence theory to consider the effects of commercialization congruence that may influence attitudes toward advertising. We employed ...

We clarify the explicit structure of the Hurwitz quaternion order, which is of fundamental importance in Riemann surface theory and systolic geometry. We present some properties of the associated congruence subgroups. Namely, we show that a Hurwitz group defined by a congruence subgroup associated with an odd ideal, is necessarily defined by a principal congruence subgroup. All such Hurwitz gro...

Based on fieldwork in an upper-secondary school Sweden, this paper centers Swedish as two school-subjects: (SWE) and a second language (SSL), taught one class. Adhering to separate curricula, by SWE SSL teachers respectively, they are often implemented physically separated subjects. By contrast, explores three different learning spaces relation everyday negotiations of belonging participation a...

We describe a criterion for real or complex hyperbolic lattice to admit residually finite rational solvable (RFRS) tower that consists entirely of congruence subgroups. use this show certain Bianchi groups PSL 2 (