Congenital obstruction of the nasolac-, rimal duct (NLD) is a condition frequently encountered by pediatricians. Estimates of the incidence of the condition in newborns range between 1% and 6%(1,2). Management consists of massage of the nasolacrimal system, instillation of antibiotic drops in cases where a mucopurulent discharge is present, and probing if the obstruction persists beyond 6 month...

Objective: To compare the results and complications of monocanalicular and bicanalicular Ritleng intubation under endoscopic guidance in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 24 patients with congenital NLD obstruction in the age between (2-5 years), divided into 2 groups. Group (A) underwent monocanalicular intubation, while gr...

purpose: primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (pando) is an acquired disease characterized by persistent symptoms such as tearing, mucus secretion, recurrent conjunctivitis and eye irritations. different etiologies such as conjunctival infections, and nasal and sinus diseases have been proposed. pathological studies have revealed inflammation, vascular congestion and edema in the earl...