At the time after the Second World War, endemic goiter was present in most parts of Croatia with a prevalence of more than 50% and presence of cretinism. In the village of Rude near Zagreb, goiter was detected in 85% of school children with 2.3% of cretins in the village population. In 1953 the first regulation on obligatory salt iodination, requiring 10 mg of potassium iodide (KI) per kg of sa...

On the basis of strong clinical evidence, congenital hypothyroidism should be identified and treated early to avoid potentially profound cognitive deficits. On the basis of strong clinical evidence, the dose of levothyroxine is higher at early ages and progressively decreases into adulthood. On the basis of observational studies and consensus, children with congenital hypothyroidism and a eutop...

Estimates of the prevalence of thyroid nodules in children depend on the method of detection, ranging from 1 to 1.5% for detection by palpation to 3% for detection on ultrasound scans. Several risk factors are associated with a higher risk of developing thyroid nodules. These factors include puberty, iodine insufficiency, family history of thyroid disease, thyroid diseases, whether autoimmune (...

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland which can be associated with a number of complications both for mother and fetus. A 34-year-old pregnant woman with normal function was referred to our Department Obstetrics and Gynecology at Microcitemico Pediatric Hospital, Cagliari, suspected fetal goiter 32 gestational weeks. The case monitored regularly by ultrasound and treated successfu...

Abstract. It is well known that iodine is an indispensable component of thyroid hormones. The discovery of iodine deficiency and its adverse effects upon human beings is an instructive example of the transfer of scientific and medical knowledge to the benefit of the public health. Physicians have known for more than a century that deficient iodine intake is associated with endemic goiter, creti...

Pendred syndrome is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States of America.Pendred syndrome is characterized by the association of congenital bilateral neurosensory deafness, thyroid goiter, cochleovestibular malformation and potential vestibular dysfunction. Incidence ranges between 1/100,000 and 10/100,000 bir...

Congenital teratoma is a rare condition and is a germ cell tumor composed of elements from one or more of the embryonic germ layers and contain tissues usually foreign to the anatomic site of origin. We report a case of a neck tumor diagnosed during pregnancy, initially thought to be a goiter. After birth the neck mass kept growing until it compressed the trachea and produced respiratory failur...

Congenital teratoma is a rare condition and is a germ cell tumor composed of elements from one or more of the embryonic germ layers and contain tissues usually foreign to the anatomic site of origin. We report a case of a neck tumor diagnosed during pregnancy, initially thought to be a goiter. After birth the neck mass kept growing until it compressed the trachea and produced respiratory failur...

Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which one of the thyroid lobes with or without isthmus fails to develop. Here we present a woman patient with thyroid hemiagenesis, Graves' disease and ophthalmopathy with nodular goiter. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the dominant nodule was suspicious of malignancy. The patient was referred for surgery for total thyroidectomy. Histopathol...