cor triatriatum   sinistrum is a rare congenital cardiac malformation, accounting for about 0.1-0.4% of all congenital heart diseases and characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular membrane that subdivides the left atrium into two chambers in the classical form. while classic cor triatriatum in most patients can be observed during the neonatal period or early infancy, it is very rare in a...

a 29-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to exacerbation in dyspnea on exertion and easy fatigability. a known case of congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels and congenital complete heart block, she had already received a permanent single-chamber pacemaker. decision was made to implant a biventricular pacemaker for the treatment of the failing heart. excellent cor...

Editorial Birth defects – or by according to the World Health Organization's (WHO) term: congenital anomalies – are structural, functional and/or biochemical-molecular defects present at birth whether detected at that time or not (Figure 1). Among different categories of birth defects, congenital abnormalities, i.e. structural-morphological defects represent the largest one. Congenital abnormal...

Incidence Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) refers to a congenital defect in the posterolateral diaphragm at the “foramen of Bochdalek.” It is a relatively common cause of neonatal respiratory distress with an overall incidence between 1:2000 and 1:5000 live births. CDH accounts for about 90% of congenital diaphragmatic defects. Eighty to ninety percent of congenital diaphragmatic hernias o...

In recent years, advances in transcatheter percutaneous closures for adults with congenital heart defects have paralleled technological improvements, including imaging, arrhythmia management, and percutaneous interventions. Indications for percutaneous closure of congenital heart defects have expanded with the widening range of device shapes and sizes. This review gives a brief outline of accom...

With increasing incrimination of viruses, plants, and drugs as causes of ovine congenital defects, concerted efforts are required to identify environmental teratogens. Expanding knowledge of congenital defects requires studying as many defective lambs as possible; recording and documenting; detailed diagnostic examinations; genetic analyses and chromosomal examinations, whenever possible; and f...

In the feline species the most common congenital defects are atrioventricular dysplasia (with the mitral valve more commonly affected than the tricuspid valve) and ventricular septal defects. Pulmonic and aortic stenosis are relatively rare. Patent ductus arteriosus is extremely uncommon. However one has to be aware that cats often have multiple congenital defects and do present as adults with ...

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFBR2) is a key component of TGF-β signaling pathway. TGFBR2 can be detected in the generation of heart. The mouse embryos of TGFBR2 gene knockout exhibited congenital heart defects. METHODS We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between TGFBR2 gene polymorphisms and congenital heart defects in Han Chinese populat...

The 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is one of the common microdeletion syndromes seen among children with Congenital Heart Defects. Population based studies have shown the prevalence of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome range from 1 in 4000 to 1 in 6000 live births.1,2 Over 80% of children with 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome have Congenital Heart Defects.1,3,4 Diagnosis of 22q11.2 microdeletion syn...