OBJECTIVE To determine by modern echocardiographic techniques the prevalence and development of cardiac abnormalities associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD). METHODS Consecutive patients referred to a tertiary centre for paediatric cardiology and attenders at an adult congenital heart disease clinic had details of clinical outcome prospectively recorded. Patients with VSD in associat...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain injury is a major complication in neonates with complex congenital heart disease. Preliminary evidence suggests that fetuses with congenital heart disease are at greater risk for brain abnormalities. However, the nature and frequency of these brain abnormalities detected by conventional fetal MR imaging has not been examined prospectively. Our primary objective was ...

conclusions the young woman with turner syndrome have several risk factors for early coronary artery disease development. in such cases, dramatic results like sudden death or heart attack at an early age may occur in cases of insufficient follow-up and treatment. case presentation the patient, a 27-year-old female was admitted to the emergency room with chest pain at rest. she was diagnosed wit...

it has been recognized that patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (cchd) show significant bleeding tendency which can be secondary to coagulopathies in these patients. some coagulation abnormalities are thrombocytopenia, factor deficiencies, fibrinolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation  (dic). according to high prevalence of cchd and major operations in theses patients, the...

the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (rca) as a branch from the left anterior descending artery (lad) is a very rare variation of the single coronary artery anomaly. the anomalous vessel arises from the proximal or midportion of the lad and courses anterior to the pulmonary artery trunk in most instances. in this case report, a 61-year-old woman is introduced who underwent coronary...

Introduction: Shone syndrome is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality; however, many of the cases remain undiagnosed until early and mid-adulthood. Different Imaging modalities are used to assess the related structural abnormalities. Case presentation: In this case study, we report a 32 yo woman who was planning for her first pregnancy. In consideration to her childhood heart problems, besides...

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography are often the primary imaging techniques for many patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, with modern generations of CT systems and recent advances in temporal and spatial resolution, cardiac CT has been gaining an increasing reputation in the field of cardiac imaging and in the evaluation of patients with congenital heart d...

A continuous murmur like that of a persistent ductus arteriosus produced by a stenosed branch of a pulmonary artery with a post-stenotic dilatation is presented in the following case. Other abnormalities included a hypoplastic left lung, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and an absent left pulmonary artery. The literature on congenital heart disease contains increasing numbers of...

Background Throughout the literature, cardiac MRI (CMR) has become an important diagnostic tool in evaluating congenital cardiac abnormalities. In heterotaxy syndrome, the axis of the body during fetal development fails to rotate correctly resulting in complex cardiovascular abnormalities. We hypothesize that CMR aids in the detection of anatomical and physiological anomalies presented in patie...