Dear Editor-in-Chief: I read and enjoyed your stylish article, "Frequency of Congenital Cardiac Malformations in Neonates with Congenital Hypothyroidism", in relation to heart disease with hypothyroidism. As we know, one of the most commonly associated congenital hypothyroidism disorders is congenital heart disease, which has a significant effect on the recovery of pat...

congenital methemoglobinemia is a rare cause of cyanosis. we report a case of a girl, 17 years old with peripheral cyanosis and normal cardio-pulmonary system. she was diagnosed as a case of methemoglobinemia based on findings of polycythemia and hbm band on hemoglobin electrophoresis. we emphasize the importance of this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of cyanosis.

a one-month-old male terrier dog was referred in shock status with a history of anorexia, tachypnea, abdominal distention and progressive weight loss. auscultation of right side of the lungs found enhanced respiratory noises. the thorough auscultation of the opposite side of the chest revealed the presence of typical intestinal sounds. cardiac auscultation revealed muffled heart sounds and a di...

congenital double lip anomaly is an infrequent developmental abnormality affecting the lips, more commonly the upper lip. 5 cases of double lip are being reported for the first time from iran and all confined to the upper lip. a new surgical excision is being introduced which is called transverse cupid bow-like elliptical incision. the previous traditional method was a simple elliptical excisio...

congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (cnldo) is a common disease in children. the classic treatment of cnldo is probing that was done around one year old. however, controversy exists regarding the outcome of probing in children older than one year. this study aimed to find the cure rate of initial probing for cnldo and identify factors producing the failure rate in old age. in this retrospe...

aplasia cutis congenita is a rare anomaly presenting with the absence of skin. no definite etiology is available. the most common site is the scalp. we present an instance with acc occurring symmetrically in both sides of the body from chest to flank.

purpose: to describe the clinical findings, preoperative radiologic findings and results of surgery in a patient with congenital bilateral hypoplasia of medial rectus muscle case report: a 50-year-old man presented with large angle incomitant horizontal deviation with marked deficit of adduction of both eyes. mri finding defined very thin medial rectus muscle. intraoperatively medial rectus mus...

background: the goal of the present study was to report the results of two parallel works in which the incidence of fetal deaths and also congenital malformations among the progenies of the iranian chemical victims were studied. methods: the subjects were progenies of a randomly selected population from survivors of chemical attacks during iran-iraq conflict. totally 807 male cases ranged 18-85...

there are often duplicated ureter with types of congenital anomalies and associated clinical complications. the unilateral duplicated ureter was observed as an incidence result in usual dissection. during routine dissection of the body of an adult male with middle-aged 40-50 year old, the duality of unilateral incompletely ureter was seen in above. two branches of ureter are coalesce in 7 cm di...

background: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) and vanishing testes are uncommon diseases that can result from hormonal and mechanical factors. classic cah is determined by ambiguous genitalia and increase in amount of 17-hydroxyprogesterone. simultaneous occurrence of cah and vanishing testes is a rare condition. case: a 22-year-old boy, known case of cah who was diagnosed as female pseudohe...