Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) with cooperativity far greater than unity enables high-fidelity sensing and information processing. The high-cooperativity regime is often reached through the use of short single-mode resonators. More complicated multimode resonators, such as near-confocal optical Fabry-Prot cavity, can provide intracavity atomic imaging in addition to high cooperativity. Th...

We present an interference confocal microscope (ICM) with a new single-body four-step simultaneous phase-shifter device designed to obtain high immunity to vibration. The proposed ICM combines the respective advantages of simultaneous phase shifting interferometry and bipolar differential confocal microscopy to obtain high axis resolution, large dynamic range, and reduce the sensitivity to vibr...

The main advantage of confocal microscopes over their conventional counterparts is their ability to optically "section" thick specimens; the thin image slices thus obtained can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional images, a capability which is particularly useful in biological applications. However, it is well known that the resolution and optical sectioning ability can be severely degraded...