We present a confluence tool for left-linear term rewrite systems. The tool proves confluence by using Hindley’s commutation theorem together with three commutation criteria, including Church-Rosser modulo associative and/or commutative theories. Despite a small number of its techniques, experiments show that the tool is comparable to recent powerful confluence tools.

Confluence occurs when different trading filters generate signals that point to the same directional move. Using regression analysis, this paper investigates confluence trading signals associated with number preference and price exhaustion, for a sample of Australian stocks. The results show that certain price levels tend to act as psychological barriers, and that price exhaustion signals are a...

In the coal mining process, the destabilization of loaded coal mass is a prerequisite for coal and rock dynamic disaster, and surface cracks of the coal and rock mass are important indicators, reflecting the current state of the coal body. The detection of surface cracks in the coal body plays an important role in coal mine safety monitoring. In this paper, a method for detecting the surface cr...

This paper presents a method for predicting initial trajectories of propagation of two separate fatigue cracks, which are developed under two perpendicular cyclic loads with phase difference between them. Calculation of trajectories of these two initial cracks is the first step in prediction of trajectories and rate of propagation of long cracks. This problem is important for analysis of durabi...

Development of macro and micro cracks on plastered walls and floors have been studied at different sites under site investigation whereby building inspections, construction history, engineering properties of soil and building surroundings assessment were conducted. We did revision of structural calculations and laboratory experiment to find out the source of cracks. Micro and macro cracks have ...

In this paper we prove that adding a confluence axiom to a modal logic which behaves rather well from the viewpoint of complexity of the satisfaction problem, drastically increases its complexity and blows it up from PSPACE-completeness to NEXPTIME-completeness. More precisely, we investigate here both monomodal K + confluence and bimodal K with confluence between the two modalities.

In the bridge inspection, the information of cracks is important to maintain a bridge. Therefore, automatic crack detection is highly desirable for efficiency and objectivity of crack assessment. However, in general, it is very difficult to detect cracks automatically from noisy concrete surfaces. In this paper, we propose a machine vision system for automatic inspection of bridges. The propose...

A defect sensing method based on electrical impedance spectroscopy is proposed to image cracks and reinforcing bars in concrete structures. The method utilizes the frequency-dependent behavior of thin insulating cracks: low-frequency electrical currents are blocked by insulating cracks, whereas high-frequency currents can pass through thin cracks to probe the conducting bars. From various frequ...

To improve the selectivity of closed cracks for objects other than cracks in ultrasonic imaging, we propose an extension of a novel imaging method, namely, subharmonic phased array for crack evaluation (SPACE) as well as another approach using the subtraction of responses at different external loads. By applying external static or dynamic loads to closed cracks, the contact state in the cracks ...

The aim of this study was to establish the merging patterns and dispositions of upper biliary confluence and to compare our findings with those of other investigators as applied to liver transplantation. We put our emphasis on the interpretation of our results in relation with the main plane of liver functional division. On 30 postmortem, adult human liver specimens, of subjects of both sexes, ...