When politicians negotiate in international climate conventions they may suffer from incomplete information about each other’s preferences about reaching an agreement. As is known, this may cause failure to reach an efficient cooperative agreement. We study the role of the clean development mechanism (CDM) for the likelihood of such failure. The CDM has been introduced in the context of the Kyo...

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In this paper, we introduce a new semantic resource, i.e., conceptual graph bank, for Chinese language. The resource is to provide conceptual information for each sample sentence, which includes concepts, conceptual relationship, head, and conceptual hierarchies. Compared with treebanks, the resource focuses on static semantic information. We also introduce recursive graph to denote the concept...

This paper reviews the inconsistencies surrounding the English metaphor of the Self and demonstrates that 1) similar metaphorical paradoxes concerning the Self exist in Chinese and Japanese, and 2) these paradoxes occur in English, Japanese, and Chinese because the Inner Self (our internal voice) is being compared either with the Social Self (how we interact with others) or the Physical Self (o...

We study the evolution of communication where concepts are developed individually by agents and relations between concepts and forms (words, signals) are learned through interaction with other agents. By constructing concepts based on experience with the same environment , agents develop similar conceptual systems. Concepts represent situations in the environment. The system of associations bet...

A key issue in learning from observations is to build a classification of given objects or situations. Conceptual clustering methods address this problem of recognizing regularities among as set of objects that have not been pre-classified, so as to organize them into a hierarchy of concepts. Early approaches have been limited to unstructured domains, in which objects are described by fixed set...

A Web Application must have a precise semantics. In currently Web Engineering environments, this can be achieved either by specifying a Web Conceptual Schema, or by using a Semantic Web-language where the Web Application meaning is properly captured. In any case, the set of relevant conceptual primitives has to be properly represented. In this paper both approaches are studied as two different ...

Text mining is defined as knowledge discovery in large text collections. It detects interesting patterns such as clusters, associations, deviations, similarities, and differences in sets of texts. Current text mining methods use simplistic representations of text contents, such as keyword vectors, which imply serious limitations on the kind and meaningfulness of possible discoveries. We show ho...