In this paper we give a self contained introduction to the conceptional and mathematical foundations of quantum information theory. In the first part we introduce the basic notions like entanglement, channels, teleportation etc. and their mathematical description. The second part is focused on a presentation of the quantitative aspects of the theory. Topics discussed in this context include: en...

The nonlinear Talbot effect, in which self-images are formed by generated parametric light from the nonlinear optical process, is presented in this paper. The comparison is made between the conventional Talbot effect and the newly observed nonlinear case. The essence of such nonlinear self-images is provided and future work on this effect is also discussed. The conceptional extension achieved h...

background and purpose: with regards to the importance of women’s beliefs in improving pregnancy outcomes, this study was performed to determine the perceived internal control on future pregnancy outcomes and its related factors in women who participated in pre‑marital counseling. materials and methods: in a cross‑sectional study, women’s perceived internal control was investigated. the study p...

Ovulation-inducing drugs are known to substantially increase the rate, but this is likely to explain only a minority of all occurrences. A number of other conditions have been found to be associated with multiple birth, including seasonality at birth, maternal age, social class, and diet. 1 However, the evidence relies nearly exclusively on observational studies, since very few randomized inter...

A promising approach to compare two graph clusterings is based on using measurements for calculating the distance between them. Existing measures either use the structure of clusterings or quality-based aspects with respect to some index evaluating both clusterings. Each approach suffers from conceptional drawbacks. We introduce a new approach combining both aspects and leading to better result...