The magnitude of olfactory responses can be related to three primary variables [number of odorant molecules (N), sniff volume (V), and sniff duration (T)] and three derived variables [concentration (C = N/V), flow rate (F = V/T), and delivery rate (D = N/T)]. To evaluate the effects of these interdependent variables upon the olfactory response, the summated multiunit discharges were recorded fr...

We describe the fractal solid by a special continuous medium model. We propose to describe the fractal solid by a fractional continuous model, where all characteristics and fields are defined everywhere in the volume but they follow some generalized equations which are derived by using integrals of fractional order. The order of fractional integral can be equal to the fractal mass dimension of ...

a validated hplc method was developed to determine doxorubicin concentration in a small volume of rat plasma (60 µl) with convenient fluorescence detection. sample preparation includes a simple one-step liquid-liquid extraction using minimum amount of organic solvent, with extraction recoveries more than 95%. the analysis was accomplished using perfectsil c18 column maintained at 35 °c and a mo...

– When a corrosive solution reaches the limits of a solid sample, a chemical fracture occurs. An analytical theory for the probability of this chemical fracture is proposed and confirmed by extensive numerical experiments on a two dimensional model. This theory follows from the general probability theory of extreme events given by Gumbel. The analytic law differs from the Weibull law commonly u...

Taguchi orthogonal array design is a statistical approach that helps to overcome limitations associated with time consuming full factorial experimental design. In this study, the Taguchi orthogonal array design was applied to establish the optimum conditions for bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocarrier (ANC) preparation. Taguchi method with L9 type of robust orthogonal array design was adopted to...

Predicting transient behavior of lead–acid batteries during charge and discharge process is a very important factor in many applications including Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). In this paper, an engineering model based on fundamental chemical and electrochemical relations of lead– acid batteries is introduced. This model is capable to predict transient behavior of lead–acid batteries includin...

Diffusion towards a fractal adsorber is a well-researched problem with many applications. While the steady-state flux towards such adsorbers is known to be characterized by the fractal dimension (D{F}) of the surface, the more general problem of time-dependent adsorption kinetics of fractal surfaces remains poorly understood. In this Letter, we show that the time-dependent flux to fractal adsor...

21 A theoretical effective thermal conductivity model is derived based on fractal 22 distribution characteristics of nanoparticle aggregation. Considering two different 23 mechanisms of heat conduction including particle aggregation and convention, the 24 model is expressed as a function of the fractal dimension and concentration. In the 25 model, the change of fractal dimension is related to t...

A specific absorption rate of a dilute assembly of various random clusters of iron oxide nanoparticles in alternating magnetic field has been calculated using Landau-Lifshitz stochastic equation. This approach simultaneously takes into account both the presence of thermal fluctuations of the nanoparticle magnetic moments and magneto-dipole interaction between the nanoparticles of the clusters. ...

The ability to form a fractal colony was shown to be common among several species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial spreading growth in a two-dimensional field of nutrient concentration was indicated to be important for this experimental self-similar morphogenesis. As a basic analogy, the diffusion-limited aggregation model was suggested. Fractal dimensions of colonies were mostly in ...