BACKGROUND 'Place' matters in understanding prevalence variations and inequalities in child maltreatment risk. However, most studies examining ecological variations in child maltreatment risk fail to take into account the implications of the spatial and temporal dimensions of neighborhoods. In this study, we conduct a high-resolution small-area study to analyze the influence of neighborhood cha...

The purpose of the present study was to examine relations among multiple child and family protective factors, neighborhood disadvantage, and positive social adjustment in a sample of 226 urban, low SES boys followed from infancy to early adolescence. The results indicated that child IQ, nurturant parenting, and parent-child relationship quality, measured in early childhood, were all significant...

The current study examined the impact of exposure to violence and neighborhood disadvantage on criminal recidivism among Black (n = 69) and White (n = 53) female juvenile offenders. Participants were girls between the ages of 13 and 19 (M = 16.8; SD = 1.2) who were sentenced to secure custody. Using a multi-method research design, the study assessed neighborhood disadvantage through census leve...

Researchers have yet to examine the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on early child behavior problems (BPs) longitudinally. We examined the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on overt BPs in a low-income, urban sample of 281 African American and European American boys followed longitudinally from toddlerhood to school entry. Measures included census data and maternal report of BPs, sociocul...

AIM To review the international literature concerning pre-loading (PL); this is drinking before going out to pubs and bars. METHOD A literature review conducted in May 2013 using the EBSCO database entering the following search terms 'pre-loading', 'front-loading', 'pre-partying' and 'pre-drinking'. Thereafter, the reference lists were checked for further relevant articles. The review consist...

The costal-cartilage in the human ribcage is a composite structure consisting of a cartilage substance surrounded by a fibrous, tendon-like perichondrium. Current computational models of the human ribcage represent the costal-cartilage as a homogeneous material, with no consideration for the mechanical contributions of the perichondrium. This study sought to investigate the role of the perichon...

Background & Aims: Today, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance against conventional antibiotics is increasing. Many researchers consider plants with antimicrobial properties as a good alternative. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Ajuga chamaecistus Ging. Subsp. Scoparia (Bioss) Rech. f. on 8 bacterial strains wasinvestigated. Methods: The leaf extract was prepared by methanolic...

Due to high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoscale structures, surface stress effects have a significant influence on their behavior. In this paper, a two-dimensional problem for an elastic layer that is bonded to a rigid substrate and subjected to an inclined concentrated line load acting on the surface of the layer is investigated based on Gurtin-Murdoch continuum model to consider surface stre...

Design rules for web crippling of stainless steel tubular sections at elevated temperatures are currently unavailable. In this study, non-linear finite element models (FEMs) were developed the cold-formed lean duplex (CFLDSS) square and rectangular hollow under concentrated end bearing loads, namely loading conditions End-One-Flange (EOF), End-Two-Flange (ETF) End Loading (EL). After successful...