September 1991 aradoxically, the larger a system is, the more critical but less likely it is to be highly available. We can build small ultra-available modules, but building large systems involving thousands of modules and millions of lines of code is a poorly understood art, even though such large systems are a core technology of modern society. Three decades ago, hardware components were the ...

Computers have been used for language teaching ever since the 1960's.Learning a second language is a challenging endeavor, and, for decades now, proponents of computer assisted language learning (CALL) have declared that help is on the horison. We investigate the suitability of deploying speech technology in computer based systems that can be used to teach foreign language skills. In this case,...

Background This paper used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which was extended, to investigate nurses’ adoption of healthcare information systems (HIS) in Nova Scotia, Canada.   Methods Data was collected from 197 nurses in a survey and data analysis was carried out using the partial least squares (PLS) technique.   Results In contrast to findings in prior studies that used TPB to investig...

The fundamentals of computer systems design and organization are presented, and the conventional procedure for the execution of computer programs is described. An overview of the major features and interactions of the hardware and software components of modern computer systems is also included. Numerous computer systems have been designed and built to aid humans in information processing and nu...

Computational dynamic programming, while of some use for situations typically encountered in industrial and systems engineering, has proved to be of much greater significance in many areas of computer science. We review some of these applications here.