This paper presents a design principle that helps guide placement of functions among the modules of a distributed computer system. The principle, called the end-to-end argument, suggests that functions placed at low levels of a system may be redundant or of little value when compared with the cost of providing them at that low level. Examples discussed in the paper include bit error recovery, s...

in this research, feasibility study of integrating thermal desalination unit with gas turbine (gt) has been investigated using retrofit and grass root design techniques  for lavan island oil refinery which is located in persian gulf. according to computed parameters on developed code for the power generation unit no.1 using ees (engineering equation solver) software, thermal efficiency of the g...

in this paper, a new systematic design methodology has been developed for thes imultaneous energy and water minimization in multiple-contaminant systems that also feature maximum re-use of water. in addition to allowing re-use of water in multiple-contaminant systems, issues about heat losses and flowrate changes inside unit operations have also been incorporated in this new design method. to i...

A multimodal approach to prevent the cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular diseases combines control of major risk factors, recovery, and physical training. Here we discuss current advances computer-aided (also called computer-assisted) recovery diseases, as this has a number advantages comparison conventional tools. We describe training software stimulate perception, attention, ...

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), technologies are presented as solutions to manufacturing organizations, which need to perform well in all customer-related dimensions simultaneously. In the literature, CIM technologies providing such benefits as more frequent production changes, reduced inventory level, improved ability of producing complex parts with a high degree of accuracy and repea...

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), technologies are presented as solutions to manufacturing organizations, which need to perform well in all customer-related dimensions simultaneously. In the literature, CIM technologies providing such benefits as more frequent production changes, reduced inventory level, improved ability of producing complex parts with a high degree of accuracy and repea...

water and energy are key commodities utilized in the process industries.water minimization and energy minimization have been studied separately. in this paper, a new systematic design methodology has been developed for the simultaneous management of energy and water systems that also feature maximum re-use of water. in addition to allowing re-use of water, issues about heat losses inside unit o...

Since attention first turned to the problem of database recovery following system crash, computer architectures have undergone considerable evolution. One direction such evolution has taken is toward fault-tolerant, highly available, distributed database systems. One such architecture is characterized by a single system composed of multiple independent processors, each with its own memory. This...