Unmethylated CpG dinucleotide motifs present in bacterial genomes or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) serve as strong immunostimulatory agents in mice, monkeys and humans. We determined the adjuvant effect of murine CpG ODN 1826 on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae-expressed 19-kDa C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 (yMSP1(19)) of the...

We have demonstrated that T lymphocytes from the spleens of adult guinea pigs sensitized to group A streptococcal antigens are cytotoxic for cultured fetal guinea pig heart cells. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity, measured by 51Cr release from target cells, was stimulated by sensitization in vivo with group A whole cells, cell walls, and purified protoplast membranes emulsified with complete Freund's ad...

The present study aimed to systematically observe the change of vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) during inflammatory nociception induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left hind paw in rats. Hot plate latency (HPL) was used to evaluate resulting thermal hyperalgesia and immunohistochemistry to observe VR1 expression in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord dorsa...

Decreased responsiveness of the aged to infection may be associated with a decline in monokine production. Prior studies in macrophages have used different eliciting agents, and results have varied. We assessed the effect of age on interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in unelicited, thioglycollate (TG)-elicited, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-elicite...

In view of the broad range of effects attributed to melatonin, this study evaluated its analgesic effect on inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in Wistar rats. Inflammation was induced by intradermal CFA injection in the hind paw of all animals, which were then divided into two groups that received either 60 mg/kg of melatonin or vehicle (1% alcohol in saline), intrape...

The mRNA for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a neuroimmune signaling molecule, is elevated during skin inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Moreover, although LIF knock-out mice display normal sensitivity to cutaneous mechanical and thermal stimulation compared with wild-type mice, the degree of CFA-induced inflammation in mice lacking LIF is en...

BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been shown to play an important role in mediating inflammation-induced heat hyperalgesia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether roscovitine, an inhibitor of Cdk5, could reverse the heat hyperalgesia induced by peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) via the brain-derived ...

The anti-phenyltrimethylamino (TMA) response in A/J mice is characterized by a cross-reactive idiotype(s) (CRI) that appears linked to the Ig-Ie allotype. These findings made it attractive to look for a CRI on T cells reactive to the same TMA determinant. Thus a suppressor T-cell (Ts) assay specific for L-tyrosine-p-azophenyltrimethylammonium [tyr(TMA)] was developed. A/J mice were primed with ...

Studies have proposed that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) promote a nonspecific inflammatory response that could produce systemic disease. Oral inoculation of Pg and Tf on the immune and arthritis response was evaluated in BALB/C mice divided into four groups: (1) sham; (2) food contaminated with Pg/Tf; (3) complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) + Pg/Tf; and (4) CFA alone...

Sensitization of purinergic P2X3 receptors (P2X3Rs) is a major mechanism contributing to injury-induced exaggerated pain responses. We showed in a previous study that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (Epac1) in rat sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) is upregulated after inflammatory injury, and it plays a critical role in P2X3R sensitization b...