Fuzzy systems approximate highly nonlinear systems by means of fuzzy ‘‘if–then’’ rules. In the literature, various algorithms are proposed for mining. These algorithms commonly utilize fuzzy clustering in structure identification. Basically, there are three different approaches in which one can utilize fuzzy clustering; the first one is based on input space clustering, the second one considers ...

A growing literature considers whether animals have capacities that are akin to human metacognition (i.e., humans' capacity to monitor their states of uncertainty and knowing). Comparative psychologists have approached this question by testing a dolphin, pigeons, rats, monkeys, and apes using perception, memory, and food-concealment paradigms. As part of this consideration, some associative mod...

The biological treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste represents the most spread strategy to pursue the biological stabilization of this residual stream, under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic digestion is an attractive technology for the conversion of organic substrates into methane, but the handling of the residual stream, namely the digestate, can prove t...

Background: Many comparative studies have been performed on effort estimation models. Linear regression (LR) and Estimation by Analogy (EbA) were often compared. The past research revealed that those comparative studies reported inconsistent results among performance measures. However, those studies seemed not to reflect actual or desirable study procedure. Aim: We aimed to examine performance ...

The industry's most accurate, transparent and repeatable performance report covering the leading application delivery controllers (ADCs). This report provides valuable information to assist in comparing products from multiple vendors. Even if the vendor you are considering is not included in this report, the information is a valuable aid to understanding ADC performance.

Measurements on R600a refrigerators have shown electricity savings over R134a and R12 up to 20%. We propose new parameters which are functions of well known refrigerant properties. These parameters show that R600a has half the leakage, pressure loss and condenser pressure and double the heat transfer coefficient of R12 and R134a explaining the measurements. Use of R600a in small heat pumps and ...

In this article CCPR, a multidimensional framework for comparative performance evaluation is proposed, which is elaborated and illustrated through a real-life case. A particular feature of the approach is that it takes account of and corrects for the influence of risks, which are beyond the control of the decision maker. Here risk is seen as a multidimensional measure; it is expressed by means ...

INTRODUCTION The Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) appendices provide a program director with comparative performance for a student's academic and professional attributes, but they are frequently absent or incomplete. METHODS We reviewed MSPEs from applicants to our emergency medicine residency program from 134 of 136 (99%) U.S. allopathic medical schools, over two application cyc...

Changes in comparative advantage should reflect changes in factor endowment, but increasingly, changes in trade policies also affect a region’s trade performance. Based on the arguments in Balassa’s stages of comparative advantage thesis, this paper looks at the performance of manufacture exports in a number of Asian and Latin American economies over the period 1981-1997 and examines the reveal...