The use of manual (i.e., active) restraint systems (or seat belts) in cars has increased dramatically over the last several decades, changing from around 10% in the late 1970s to as much as 68% in the 1990s (Datta & Guzek, 1992; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA], 1996b). Several factors are responsible for this increase. One important determinant has been the passage of man...

We have studied fast ion instability (FII) in the electron ring (HER) at KEKB. We introduce an application of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to study multi-bunch beam oscillations. The SVD analysis[1] has been performed for a matrix consists of vertical bunch positions in a turn-byturn and bunch-by-bunch to extract wave lengths which characterized the behavior of multi-bunch beam instabilit...

In high charge RF photoinjectors for wakefield two beam acceleration studies, due to the strong longitudinal space charge, bunch lengthening between the photocathode and photoinjector exit is a critical issue. We present beam dynamics studies of bunch lengthening in an RF photoinjector for a high charge electron beam and describe methods to compensate the bunch lengthening to various degrees. I...

The date palm bunch fading disorder/disease is one of the greatest challenges faced by date palm growers. In the present study, the effect of appropriate orchard management on some qualitative and quantitative features of date palm bunch was studied. For this purpose, two orchards of cv ‘Kabkab’ with a history of previous incidence were selected in two districts of Bushehr province; Tangestan a...

1.1.1 Introduction For linear accelerators, a single bunch instability of a positron bunch due to electrons created by ionization of the residual gas was discussed in Ref. [1], where a coherent oscillation of both electrons and positrons grows from any small initial perturbation of the bunch distribution, e.g. from the statistical fluctuations due to the finite number of beam particles. This in...

A new method of monitoring the luminosity has been developed at CESR. The method involves shaking one bunch at a speciic frequency and observing the resulting oscillations of the corresponding opposing bunch. In initial tests, measurements with 1 accuracy have been obtained in 1 second. Measurements of diierent bunches in a train shows bunch to bunch diierences with the optimum luminosity condi...

In order to study the wakefield effects of an electron cloud, a test bunch was placed behind a bunch train, where the cloud density rapidly varied. A currentdependent tune shift and the tune spread of the test bunch were measured as a function of the bunch current while varying the bucket position of the test bunch. The vertical tune shift indicated a strong defocusing force together with a wid...