It has been shown, for non-Communist developed and developing countries, that earlier development of agriculture, a dense population, and a state-level polity is associated with a higher income and more rapid economic growth in the late 20 Century. We investigate whether this was also the case for countries under Communism and for the same countries in transition to a market economy. Our findin...

This article examines sprawl without growth in former East Germany at a number of different metropolitan scales using a dataset from the Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung (Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning). Specific political, social, and economic circumstances in eastern Germany following reunification distinguish it not only from other declining regions, but also from so...

Should Marxists support universal basic income (UBI), i.e., a regular cash paid to all without means test or work requirement? This paper considers one important argument that they should, namely UBI would be instrumentally effective in helping bring about communism. It argues previous answers this question have insufficient attention logically prior question: what is Marx’s account of communis...