Closed intramedullary nailing of the femur is a complex technique but one that has considerable advantages. The choice of an appropriate point of entry into the proximal femur during introduction is vital, since an oblique insertion of the nail may lead to impaction of the implant and comminution of the proximal femoral fragment (Winquist, Hansen and Clawson 1984); this is particularly so in sm...

Past research in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has shown that cavitation plays an essential role in the comminution of kidney stones. To provide a better understanding of the role of cloud cavitation dynamics in SWL, the flow in the focal region of a lithotripter was modeled using an ensemble averaged two-phase flow model for the bubbly mixture combined with a high-order accurate shock capturing...

Comminution process is widely used in industry to produce fine particles. We developed a mathematical model of comminution order analyze particle size reduction an impact pulverizer. In our model, it assumed that parameter a, which represents breakage modes, depends on both velocity and the To obtain dependence, particle-size distribution was measured experimentally before after using jet-mill....

An essential element for the sustainable use of renewable resources is an efficient comminution process. For processes, detailed knowledge fracturing processes necessary. Therefore, single-particle under impact stress was investigated, and influence moisture content particle size in beech wood described. The extent applicability existing models to wood, modeling breakage probability function br...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact on nonunion of the extent of comminution and postoperative displacement in patients surgically treated for subtrochanteric fractures. METHODS From 2008 to 2013, 44 patients with subtrochanteric fractures underwent surgery and follow-up. Retrospective data collection showed that it had 32 male and 12 female. Their mean age was 45 years. The ...

The majority of simple fractures of the radial head are stable, even when displaced 2 mm. Articular fragmentation and comminution can be seen in stable fracture patterns and are not absolute indications for operative treatment. Preservation and/or restoration of radiocapitellar contact is critical to coronal plane and longitudinal stability of the elbow and forearm. Partial and complete articul...