In the mouse, odorant receptor proteins (ORs) are G-protein-coupled receptors expressed in mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE). ORs mediate odorant reception at the level of the OSN cilia. Most of the ∼1100 OR genes in the mouse genome are expressed, at the RNA level, in mature OSNs. The literature on antibodies against ORs is limited, and most reports...

CASE REPORT A 52year old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia presented to us with retained cut end of a Foleys catheter with inflated bulb in his urinary bladder. He was catheterized for one month and the bulb could not be deflated as the catheter was due for change. In a hospital, an attempt was made to deflate the bulb. Accidentally, Foleys catheter was cut and distal end with the inflated ...

The lack of a reliable and innocuous mark-recapture method has limited studies that would provide essential information for the management of commercial sea cucumbers. Tagging sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult because of their plastic nature and autolysis capacities. The markers that have so far been tested, mainly on or through the body wall, were either lost rapidly or had major drawback...

Lilium species (Liliaceae) are a significant floriculture commodity and one of the three major bulb crops in the commercial market. Lilies are monocotyledonous plants that have been generally recalcitrant to molecular genetic manipulation because of limitations that restrict utilization of transformation technologies that are routinely applied to dicotyledonous plants. Cucumber mosaic virus (CM...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of high jugular bulb in a group of patients with definite Ménière's disease, and to investigate whether the position or size of the jugular bulb is significantly different in the affected ear than in the unaffected ear. METHODS Retrospective review of patient charts, audiograms, and computed tomography scans to determine the position and size of the jugula...

Nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb are separated by the cribriform plate which is perforated by olfactory nerves. We have previously demonstrated that the cribriform plate is permissive for T cells and monocytes and that viruses can enter the bulb upon intranasal injection by axonal transportation. Therefore, we hypothesized that nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb are equipped to deal with constant i...

Induction, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis of the olfactory bulb are thought to require interactions with the olfactory epithelium. The Dlx family of homeobox genes is expressed in both the olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium. In particular, Dlx5 is expressed in the olfactory placode, olfactory epithelium, and local circuit neurons of the olfactory bulb. Here we analyzed mice lacking DLX5 ...

The average yield of bulb onions is still quite low. purpose this study was to improve the techniques and methods cultivating using new generation preparations against background N180P60K60 in a drip irrigation method. To achieve objective study, field surveys, observations measurements were carried out generally accepted methods. experimental data obtained from studies processed analysis varia...

The homeobox gene Gsx2 (formerly Gsh2) is known to be required for striatal and olfactory bulb neurogenesis; however, its specific role in the specification of these two neuronal subtypes remains unclear. To address this, we have employed a temporally regulated gain-of-function approach in transgenic mice and found that misexpression of Gsx2 at early stages of telencephalic neurogenesis favors ...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event - either experiencing it or witnessing it. In addition to the relationship between PTSD and neuroinflammation, research indicates that olfactory bulb are effective in anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the electrophysiological activity of olfactory bulb in the animal mod...