There is controversy as to the development of columnar structure in primary visual cortex. Various experiments showed the important role of cortex interconnection in developing the columnar structure. We proposed a model of Hebbian development within visual cortex. In this model, the columnar structure originates from symmetry breaking in feedback pathways within an area of cortex, rather than ...

Tseng, Jill, Jiun Do, Jonathan H. Widdicombe, and Terry E. Machen. Innate immune responses of human tracheal epithelium to Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin, TNF, and IL-1 . Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290: C678–C690, 2006. First published October 26, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00166.2005.—We measured innate immune responses by primary human tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells grown as confluent, pseud...

Columnar and equiaxed structures, which occur during solidification of metallic alloys, influence the texture properties castings, welded joints additively manufactured components. During transient solidification, where grain refiner particles provide predominant nucleation mechanism, a to Equiaxed Transition (CET) occurs when conditions that had originally favoured directional columnar growth ...

Under uniaxial loading, the heterogeneity of rock mass, change mechanical properties joints, and progressive fracture process mass significantly affect size effect anisotropy columnar jointed basalts (CJBs). To reveal features failure mechanisms CJBs influenced by anisotropy, digital image correlation (DIC), meso-damage mechanics, statistical strength theory, continuum mechanics were combined (...

Severe porosity and coarse columnar grain are prone to be formed in the laser-MIG welded joint of aluminum alloy, deteriorating strength ductility seriously. In this study, ultrasound was designed assist hybrid welding influence ultrasonic vibration on weld formation, porosity, microstructure investigated. The depth increased from 3.6 4.2 mm when external with pressure amplitude transformer (PA...

We show that discotics, lying deep in the columnar phase, can exhibit an x-ray scattering pattern which mimics that of a somewhat unusual smectic liquid crystal. This exotic, new glassy phase of columnar liquid crystals, which we call a "hybrid columnar Bragg glass," can be achieved by confining a columnar liquid crystal in an anisotropic random environment of, e.g., strained aerogel. Long-rang...