The effect of frying pressure on the kinetics of color changes during atmospheric and vacuum deep fat frying of Reshteh Khoshkar has been studied. The Hunter color parameters redness, yellowness, lightness and total color difference were used to estimate color changes during frying as a function of process. Lightness (L*) decreased from 85.37 to 75.01 with vacuum frying time, while redness (a*)...

this study investigates the influence of some chemical additives such as methanol, ethanol, sodium oleat, chloroform and sodium hexametaphosphate (shmp) on the dry fine grinding of calcite (x50= 33 µm) using a stirred media mill. the experiments were carried out by a batch operation, and the change in colour properties (ry, whiteness and yellowness) of calcite powder. the results showed that th...

The colour changes that occur in kiwifruit during the dry process were experimentally studied in order to determine the magnitudes of the parameters for a corresponding colour change model. The drying experiments were carried out under five air temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C, air velocity of 1.0 m/s and kiwifruit slice thickness of 4 mm. The colour parameters for the colour change of t...

Camouflage is found in a wide range of species living in numerous habitat types, offering protection from visually guided predators. This includes many species from the intertidal zone, which must cope with background types diverse in appearance and with multiple predator groups foraging at high and low tide. Many animals are capable of either relatively slow (hours, days, weeks) or rapid (seco...

Colour change in animals can be adaptive phenotypic plasticity in heterogeneous environments. Camouflage through background colour matching has been considered a primary force that drives the evolution of colour changing ability. However, the mechanism to which animals change their colour and patterns under visually heterogeneous backgrounds (i.e. consisting of more than one colour) has only be...

EVERY practising ophthalmologist meets with changes in the colour of the cornea, and it is indeed astonishing that this small gelatinous mantle, hardly more than half-a-millimetre in thickness, can register so many chromatic variations. Abnormal pigmentation may be congenital or acquired, transient or permanent, stationary or progressive, endogenous or exogenous, benign or malignant. It may be ...

Chromic materials have the ability to change their colour reversibly according to external environmental conditions. They are categorised by the stimulus that triggers the colour change. For example, thermochromic materials can be defined as those in which a colour change is induced by a change in temperature and electrochromic materials are those in which a colour change is induced when an ele...

The ability to change coloration allows animals to modify their patterning to suit a specific function. Many freshwater fishes, for example, can appear cryptic by altering the dispersion of melanin pigment in the skin to match the visual background. However, melanin-based pigments are also used to signal dominance among competing males; thus colour change for background matching may conflict wi...

Under appropriate stimulus conditions, judgments about the degree of temporal synchrony in sequences containing rapid alternations of colour and motion direction imply a large apparent delay of motion perception relative to colour perception. Whether this colour-motion asynchrony results from the relative processing delay of different visual attributes, or from inappropriate matching of time ma...

In this research we described the effective Hamiltonian theory and applied this theory to the calculation of current-current (Q1,2) and QCD penguin (Q3,…,6) c quark decay rates. We calculated the decay rates of semileptonic and hadronic of charm quark in the effective Hamiltonian theory. We investigated the decay rates of D meson decays according to Spectator Quark Model (SQM) for the calculati...