Chromogranin A (CgA) not only plays an important role in pathologic diagnosis, but is also used as a circulating biomarker in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN). However, the relationship between immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression and serum levels of CgA has not been investigated. The value of CgA for evaluating treatment response and prognosis is still no...

Chromogranin A (CGA) is an abundant protein of dense-cored secretory vesicles in endocrine and neuronal cells. The present study, for the first time, compares CGA of neurons of the central nervous system with the CGA of adrenal origin. By S1 nucleus protection assay, we found that the 3' part of the CGA mRNA between exons 5-8 of the cerebellum and the spinal cord of the rat is homologous to tha...

We present simulation results addressing the phenomenon of colloidal gelation induced by attractive interactions. The liquid–gas transition is prevented by the glass arrest at high enough attraction strength, resulting in a colloidal gel. The dynamics of the system is controlled by the glass, with little effect of the liquid– gas transition. When the system separates into liquid and vapour phas...

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), the ester formed between caffeic acid and l-quinic acid, is a widespread phenolic compound. It is part of the human diet, found in foods such as coffee, apples, pears, etc. CGA is also was widely used in cosmetics, but the effects of CGA on melanogenesis are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of CGA on cell proliferation, melanin content and tyrosinase of B1...

The article presents a proposed customized genetic algorithm (CGA) to find the Pareto frontier for bi-objective integer linear programming (ILP) model of routing in dynamic network, where number nodes and edge weights vary over time. Utilizing hybrid method, CGA combines with (DP); it is fast alternative an ILP solver finding efficient solutions, particularly large dimensions. A non-dominated s...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether adenomas arising from the adrenal cortex, a tissue of epithelial origin, are associated with high chromogranin A (CgA) levels and whether such tumors may express and release this protein. In addition, to investigate whether high CgA levels imply a neuroendocrine differentiation of the adrenocortical adenomas and, therefore, represent a humoral marker of malignant t...

Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein that is co-stored with hormones or neurotransmitters in granular components of endocrine cells and neurons, and released together with them in response to adequate stimulation. In addition to acting as a packaging protein, CgA functions as a precursor molecule that yields several bioactive peptides by proteolytic cleavage. The purpose of this study...