How do disagreements between judges on collegial (multimember) courts affect legal policy? We address this question by developing an account of the nature of judicial disagreements in the case-space model of judicial choice. We distinguish between different types of disagreement, from disagreements about case facts to disagreements about how legal rules should treat varying case facts, and cons...

In this paper the author argues that teachers have hardly ever liberated from their profession. They have been subjects of supervision by headmasters, officials, and inspectors. The development of in-service education of teachers (INSET) and teacher supervision show that teachers are under controlled by the system and administrators in one way or another; teachers have little chance of particip...

In-service education programs have provided the professional development level of companies' employers, in the high quality form. The applying of in-service education programs has been a key component of professional development process for staff agro-industry Company. The study is utilized experimental Solomon four group designs to determine the impact of in-service education programs on agro-...

Transformations of the labour market and education have led to changes in national system professional qualifications, particular, search for new institutional mechanisms public policy on qualifications. Based analysis relevant legal framework own reflections, article considers activities sectoral (sectoral-professional) councils that regulate qualifications standards serve as an basis reconcil...

This research was undertaken to delineate the future role of nursing professional development (NPD) specialists. Using a modified e-Delphi technique, seven key roles for NPD (partner for practice transitions, learning facilitator, change agent, mentor, leader, champion of scientific inquiry, and advocate for NPD specialty) and their concomitant competencies evolved. Results of this study inform...

A common question nursing professional development (NPD) practitioners ask is, "How many NPD practitioners should my organization have?" This study examined correlations among facility size and structure, NPD practitioner characteristics and time in service, and organizational outcomes. Organizations with a higher rate of NPD full-time equivalents per bed had higher patient satisfaction with nu...

the objective of the current study is to identify the role of professional development components in developing organizational entrepreneurship in agricultural extension management of kermanshah province. the study was fulfilled by using correlation method and relational-causal model. all the agricultural extension agents in kermanshah province equal to 456 people formed the population of this ...

The literature indicates that collaborative activities can support professional learning (PL) for academics teaching in higher education (HE). Nevertheless, limited approaches collegial PL exist be embedded the day-to-day work of busy academics. This paper reports on an evidence-based approach to practice was undertaken develop authentic, structured, involved a review and synthesis relevant lit...