Sequencing technologies have enabled the investigation of whole genomes of many individuals in parallel. Studies have shown that the joint consideration of multiple rare variants may explain a relevant proportion of the genetic basis for disease so that grouping of rare variants, termed collapsing, can enrich the association signal. Following this assumption, we investigate the type I error and...

Neurotrophins are known to promote the survival, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth of developing neurons. Here we report that acutely applied brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces rapid growth cone collapse and neurite retraction of embryonic Xenopus spinal neurons in culture. The collapsing effect of BDNF depends on the activation of Trk receptor tyrosine kinase, requires an in...

The paper presents a new method and an algorithm for structural fault collapsing to reduce the search space for test generation, to speed up fault simulation and to make the fault diagnosis easier in digital circuits. The proposed method is based on hierarchical topology analysis of the circuit description at two levels. First, the gate-level circuit will be converted into a macro-level network...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Collapsing glomerulopathy is a podocytopathy with segmental or global wrinkling and collapse of capillary walls and overlying epithelial cell proliferation. Idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with significant proteinuria, poor response to immunosuppressive therapy, and rapid progression to renal failure. Collapsing glomerulopath...

Backward erosion piping accounts for one of the leading threats to dams and levees throughout world. A laboratory modeling program has been conducted interpret pore pressure data observations collected during backward (BEP) initiation progression in sandy soils. An analytical model applied assess development BEP mechanisms as well calculating critical hydraulic conditions required various stage...