OBJECTIVES To determine the disposition of colistin methanesulphonate (CMS) and colistin following intravenous (iv) administration of CMS in rats. METHODS Five rats received a single iv bolus of 15 mg/kg CMS. Plasma concentrations of CMS and of colistin formed by the hydrolysis of CMS were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters of CMS and colistin were calculated using non-compart...

Residues of antibiotic drugs in food and products have been received much attention recent years because growing safety concerns for public health. There are serious effects residues meat human consumption (e.g., increasing antimicrobial resistance, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, hypersensitivity). In this study, we used broiler chicks as a laboratory animal to detect the colistin sulfate resid...

A study of a new combination of antibiotics (sodium oxacillin, colistin sulfate, and amphotericin B) has shown that 30 mug/ml of each in tissue culture maintenance medium can inhibit a group of the commonest bacterial and fungal contaminants while causing no observable cytopathology in rhesus monkey kidney, HeLa, or human amnion tissue cells. In addition, there was no inhibition of the titers o...

Colistin-induced nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting adverse effect when colistin is used against Gram-negative pathogens. This study examined the nephroprotective effect of melatonin against colistin in rats. Rats (n = 7 per group) were treated intravenously twice daily with saline, colistin (at increasing doses from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/kg), melatonin (5 mg/kg), or both melatonin and colistin for 7 da...

Colistin-resistant mutants were obtained from 17 colistin-susceptible strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The stability of colistin resistance in these mutants was investigated. Three of four colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa mutants recovered colistin susceptibility in colistin-free medium; however, colistin-susceptible revert...

The increased reliance on colistin for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections has resulted in the emergence of colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We attempted to identify genetic contributors to colistin resistance in vitro evolved isogenic colistin-resistant and -susceptible strains of two P. aeruginosa lineages (P5 and P155). Their evolutionary paths to acquis...

PURPOSE Colistin is used for the treatment of pneumonia associated with multidrug- resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the best route of administration and dosage is not known. We report our experience with aerosolized colistin in twelve patients with pneumonia caused by colistin-only-susceptible (COS) A. baumannii. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively r...

Interest has recently been shown again in colistin because of the increased prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Although the potential for nephrotoxicity is a major dose-limiting factor in colistin use, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. In this study, we focused on an endocytosis receptor, megalin, that...

OBJECTIVES Colistin combination therapy may be required to treat biofilm-associated infections. We evaluated bacterial killing and emergence of colistin resistance with colistin and doripenem combinations against biofilm-embedded and planktonic multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS One colistin-susceptible reference strain (PAO1) and two colistin-susceptible MDR clinical i...

Emerging resistance to colistin in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is of growing concern. Since current treatment options for these strains are extremely limited, we investigated the in vitro activities of various antimicrobial combinations against colistin-resistant A. baumannii Nine clinical isolates (8 from bacteremia cases and 1 from a pneumonia case) of colistin-resistant A. baum...