Neutron diffraction allows non-destructive testing of the bulk microstructure of mechanical components. The microstructures of horseshoe nails made through three different processes have been explored as a function of position along the nail. Despite all nails being made of similar plain low carbon steel and being process annealed after manufacture, the microstructures are far from the same. Na...

Forging is a manufacturing process that consists of shaping the metal using localized compression forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often an electric hammer) or a die. In this paper, different methods of forging (multi-directional forging, hot forging, near-beta forging, multi-axial forging, direct powder forging, warm forging and ring forging) are discussed. The main problems that...

Gradient variations of through-thickness residual stress, microstructure and texture greatly affect the performance cold radial forged tubes. In this work, distribution stress was measured based on Debye ring. The characterized with electron backscattering diffraction technique. by X-ray diffractometer. influence strength anisotropy tubes different thickness reductions analyzed. results show th...