BACKGROUND Animal and human studies indicate that ABCA1-mediated cholesterol transport is important in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that the efficiency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to facilitate ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux would be reduced in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD compared with cognitively healthy participants. METHODS AND RESULTS CSF was c...

BACKGROUND Hip fracture is common in elderly patients. However, few effective studies had linked cognitive impairment to patient clinical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 244 elderly hip fracture patients were prospectively followed up for 12 months. At 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year after hip repair surgery, patients and/or primary caregivers were interviewed by phone by trained, blin...

This study assessed whether cortical thickness across the brain and regionally in terms of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks differentiates schizophrenia patients and healthy controls with normal range or below-normal range cognitive performance. Cognitive normality was defined using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite score (T = 50 ± 10) and struct...

The behavioral and neurochemical changes in the chronic phase of permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rats were investigated. One month after MCA occlusion, 23 rats were unable to solve a radial eight-arm maze task during an entire 1-month period, whereas seven rats were able to solve this task. Three months after occlusion, 19 MCA-occluded rats failed to solve the t...

OBJECTIVE To test the applicability of multi-criteria decision analysis preference elicitation techniques in cognitively impaired individuals. METHOD A convenience sample of 16 cognitively impaired subjects and 12 healthy controls was asked to participate in a small pilot study. The subjects determined the relative importance of four decision criteria using five different weight elicitation t...

OBJECTIVE This article aims to evaluate the long-term effects of an interdisciplinary intervention program on cognitively impaired older persons after hip fracture in Taiwan. METHODS Of 160 subjects randomly assigned to control (n = 81) and intervention (n  =  79) groups, 24 (29.6%) and 27 (34.2%) were cognitively impaired in the control and intervention groups, respectively, and outcomes wer...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The presence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE*E4) is the strongest currently known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease and is associated with brain gray matter loss, notably in areas involved in Alzheimer disease pathology. Our objective was to assess the effect of APOE*E4 on brain structures in healthy elderly controls who subsequently developed subtle cognitive decline....

HIV+ subjects have shown impairment on tests of executive function including automatic attention and verbal tasks. Impairment of semantic priming in HIV patients would suggest a disruption of automatic semantic activation. We examined semantic priming in HIV+ individuals and HIV- control participants with no history of substance abuse, neurologic or psychiatric disorder unrelated to HIV. HIV+ p...

This paper introduces a methodological approach to the dynamics of cognitively normal (i.e., successful) aging compared with aging accompanied by different types of cognitive impairment and dementia. Using secondary analysis of a national representative database (Canadian Study of Health and Aging, 1991-1992), the authors show that the occurrence of an adverse event (symptom, sign, or disease),...

BACKGROUND Inattention is a core clinical feature of delirium and yet the particular aspects of attentional impairment associated with this feature are poorly understood. Objective methods for assessing inattention are also lacking. A new set of computerised tests of attentional deficits designed for use in patients with delirium have been developed. Test performances in patients with delirium,...