Contrary to common views that philosophy is extraneous to cognitive science, this paper argues that philosophy has a crucial role to play in cognitive science with respect to generality and normativity. General questions include the nature of theories and explanations, the role of computer simulation in cognitive theorizing, and the relations among the different fields of cognitive science. Nor...

Researchers have developed a large number of ontology-mapping algorithms in recent years. However, ontology mapping is hardly a fully automated task and users must verify and fine-tune the mappings resulting from automated algorithms. Both academic and industry researchers have focused on the algorithms themselves and largely ignored the issue of cognitive support for users in the task of analy...

objective: memory and concentration may be affected by hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease. in this study, changes in cognitive function parameters such as attention, impulsiveness, and reaction time were measured and evaluated in the iranian hemodialysing patients. methods: in this analytic observational study, cognitive function of 38 hemodialysis patients was measured before and after he...

In cognitive radio networks a secondary user needs to estimate the primary users’ air traffic patterns so as to optimize its transmission strategy. In this chapter, the authors describe a nonparametric Bayesian method for identifying traffic applications, since the traffic applications have their own distinctive air traffic patterns. In the proposed algorithm, the collapsed Gibbs sampler is app...

Different learners have different needs; they differ, for example, in their learning goals, their prior knowledge, their learning styles, and their cognitive abilities. Adaptive web-based educational systems aim to cater individual learners by customizing courses to suit their needs. In this paper, we investigate the benefits of incorporating learning styles and cognitive traits in web-based ed...

Software architectures are useful, in part, because they use the appropriate level of abstraction to support the design of complex systems. Software architecture research has quickly evolved to the degree that design environments have been implemented to support software architects in creating new designs. We report on a software architecture design environment named Argo that differs from othe...

Recent years have seen considerable progress in the deployment of ‘intelligent’ communicative agents such as Apple’s Siri, Google Now, Microsoft’s Cortana and Amazon’s Alexa. Such speech-enabled assistants are distinguished from the previous generation of voice-based systems in that they claim to offer access to services and information via conversational interaction. In reality, interaction ha...

We are continuously being bombarded by a myriad of diverse sensory stimuli. Recollections from our past and reflections upon our future add to this cacophony and we need to select among the vast array of stimuli to which we are exposed and approach what is useful to meet our appetitive needs and withdraw from what is harmful so we avoid situations of threat or danger. The successful negotiation...

Much of today’s success in Information Retrieval (IR) comes from a hard approach: employing blazingly fast machines, ever more refined statistics, and increasingly powerful classification schemes. In recent years, however, the hard approach has entered a phase of diminishing returns. This paper explores a softer alternative which, we argue, is still in the phase of increasing returns. As the qu...

OBJECTIVES To summarize current excellent medical informatics research in the field of human factors and organizational issues. METHODS Using PubMed, a total of 3,024 papers were selected from 17 journals. The papers were evaluated on the basis of their title, keywords, and abstract, using several exclusion and inclusion criteria. 15 preselected papers were carefully evaluated by six referees...