Achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermatological products. The use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating a few common penetration enhancers (in different concentrations) into a 0.5% w/w piroxicam (model drug) gel formulation, on th...

Scientists working in the field of Alzheimer's disease and, in particular, cognitive enhancers, are very productive. The review "Drugs interacting with Targets other than Receptors or Enzymes. Disease-modifying Drugs" was accepted in October 2012. In the last 20 months, new targets for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease were identified. Enormous progress was realized in the pharmaco...

In this work we consider marketed drugs for Alzheimer disease (AD) including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is) and antiglutamatergic treatment involving the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. We discuss medications and substances available for use as cognitive enhancers that are not approved for AD or cognitive impairment, and other neurotransmitter-related therapies in development o...

Pharmacological cognitive enhancers (PCEs) are used to improve cognitive functions, such as attention, learning, memory and planning in patients with impairments in cognition resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) or from neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Moreover, PCEs...

scription stimulants (e.g., methyl phenidate, dextroamphetamine mixed salts) and other neuropharmaceuticals (e.g., modafinil) are used by some healthy individuals without diagnosed attention deficit disorder to enhance concentration, memory, alertness and mood, a phenomenon often described as “cognitive enhancement” or “neuroenhancement.” Recently the term cognitive enhancement has captured the...