Acinetobacter baumannii, a non-motile, glucose non fermentative, oxidase negative, encapsulated, gram-negative coccobacillus, has recently gained importance because of its increasing resistance to the available antibiotics. Three main mechanisms of resistance in A. baumannii are: enzymes inactivating antibiotics, reduced entry into the target site of bacteria and alteration of the target or cel...

A 58-year-old male with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis presents with right lower extremity cellulitis, abdominal tenderness, and severe sepsis after sustaining puncture injury from a cactus on a property with feral cats. Blood cultures and diagnostic paracentesis were consistent with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Pasteurella multocida, a gram-negative coccobacillus found in t...

Pasteurella multocida is a gram-negative, non-motile, oxidase positive, catalase indole urease negative, non-spore-forming coccobacillus. Animal bites, scratching, and licking are the most critical risk factors for infections, but it may also occur without any contact. Data about prevalence of these infections in Turkey limited because cases apply to primary healthcare institutions where bacter...

Tularemia, also called Ohara’s disease, is an acute bacterial infectious disease caused by a pleomorphic, non-mobile, non-capsulated, small Gram negative coccobacillus and zoonotic bacterium, Francisella tularensis. This zoonotic bacteria has reportedly infected a wide range of wild animals (rabbits, hares, squirrels, muskrats, moles, skunks, beavers, deer), some domestic animals (sheep, cattle...

Francisella philomiragia is a Gram-negative coccobacillus, which very rare human opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia and systemic infection. It difficult to identify this bacterium through conventional Gram-staining biochemical methods due an amorphous Gram stain appearance after 24 h culture its relatively fastidious slow growth giving weak and/or delayed reactions in tests. often misiden...

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are commonly caused by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci; however, other microbial etiologies and specific risk factors are increasingly recognized. Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is part of the normal oral flora in many animals, and is particularly common in dogs and cats. PJIs caused by ...

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative coccobacillus which is a very rare cause of bacterial endocarditis. Preexisting cardiac lesions are a main contributing factor, and antibiotic prophylaxis has long been felt necessary before dental or other manipulation to prevent endocarditis. Penicillin in combination with an aminoglycoside has been the most often used treatment regimen....