The biosynthetic pathway of medium-chain-length (MCL) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from fatty acids has been established in fadB mutant Escherichia coli strain by expressing the MCL-PHA synthase gene. However, the enzymes that are responsible for the generation of (R)-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A (R3HA-CoAs), the substrates for PHA synthase, have not been thoroughly elucidated. Escherichia coli Mao...

Refeeding starved rats for 2-3 h completely reverses the effects of starvation on hepatic ketogenic capacity [ 11 and decreases blood ketone body concentrations markedly [2]. However, acute depression of ketogenesis on refeeding is not accompanied by any reversal of changes (induced by starvat ion) in carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT ) I during the first 6 h o f refeeding [2, 31, indicating ...

Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with glutamine or proline or in hypotonic media is known to activate glycogen synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a result of cell swelling. We report here that the same experimental conditions caused an activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70 S6 kinase) but did not modify the activity of p42 mitogen-activated pr...

Ignicoccus hospitalis is an anaerobic, autotrophic, hyperthermophilic Archaeum that serves as a host for the symbiotic/parasitic Archaeum Nanoarchaeum equitans. It uses a yet unsolved autotrophic CO(2) fixation pathway that starts from acetyl-CoA (CoA), which is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate. Pyruvate is converted to phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP), from which glucogenesis as well as oxaloace...

tica grown with bacteria produce H, and acetate while cells grown axenically produce neither. Aerobically, acetate is produced and 0, is consumed by amehae from either type of cells. Centrifuged extracts, 2.4 x 10” x g x min, from both types of cells contain pyruvate synthase (EC 1.2.7.1) and an acetate thiokinase which, together, form a system capable of converting pyruvate to acetate. Pyruvat...

Wax synthases are membrane-associated enzymes catalysing the esterification reaction between fatty acyl-CoA and a long chain fatty alcohol. In living organisms, wax esters function as storage materials or provide protection against harmful environmental influences. In industry, they are used as ingredients for the production of lubricants, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Currently the biologica...

The odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) accumulated in ruminant products are a class of beneficial for human health. Since biotin leucine involved OBCFA synthesis, this study aimed to evaluate their effect on synthesis vitro. There were four treatments: the control group that only provided basal diet, or diet supplemented with (4 mg/kg dry matter, DM), g/kg combination DM) DM). results ...

Acridone synthase has been purified from cell suspension cultures of Ruta graveolens using a combination of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 69 kDa on gel filtration and a subunit structure on SDS-PAGE of 40 kDa. The apparent Km-values are 10.64 microM and 32.8 microM for N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, respectivel...

BACKGROUND Alterations in the mevalonate pathway may contribute to malignant cell growth. There are differences in the aetiology, clinical behaviour, pathological and genetic features in cancer of the right versus the left colon. Here, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutatyl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP) synthase and farnesyltransferase (Ftase) activities were measured in human...

Glutamate is usually synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) via citrate, isocitrate, and 2-oxoglutarate. Genome analysis revealed that in Syntrophus aciditrophicus, the gene for Si-citrate synthase is lacking. An alternative pathway starting from the catabolic intermediate glutaconyl-CoA via 2-hydroxyglutarate could be excluded by genomic analysis. On the other hand, a putative gene (S...