In lanthanide-sensitized upconversion (UC) nanomaterials, the typical sensitizer Yb 3+ can significantly modulate codoped activator (such as Er ions) to generate multiband transitions.

The kinetic rate equation for the photosensitized cleavage reaction of surface-bound photolabile chromophores with free diffusion of sensitizer molecules from the bulk of a solution to the surface is derived by determining the stationary solution of a diffusion equation with suitable boundary conditions. The relation between the phenomenological rate constant for the photosensitized reaction at...

Ligand-protected Au 2 Cu 6 cluster exhibits not only fluorescence but also phosphorescence at room temperature and serves as a triplet sensitizer in fusion upconversion.

For a product containing a strong sensitizer to be considered a hazardous substance and to require cautionary labeling under the FHSA, the product must be capable of causing substantial personal injury or substantial illness during, or as a result of, customary or reasonably foreseeable handling or use, including reasonably foreseeable ingestion by children. This requires consideration of the r...

Comparison of Type II photosensitized oxidation lipids (the photodynamic effect) and photodegradation chlorophyll (sensitizer photobleaching) in samples particulate matter collected previously from locations representing a diverse range latitudes reveals an enhancement the photooxidation at expense polar regions. The efficiency effect appears to be particularly high sinking particles under sea ...

The optimal dopant concentration in UCNPs for simultaneous visible and NIR luminescence was determined by controlling the sensitizer-to-activator ratio while maintaining total amount of dopants.

Dicarboxylic acid ligands (malonate, succinate, and butylmalonate) stabilize 2 nm diameter IrO2 particles synthesized by hydrolysis of aqueous IrCl(6)2- solutions. Analogous monodentate (acetate) and tridentate (citrate) carboxylate ligands, as well as phosphonate and diphosphonate ligands, are less effective as stabilizers and lead to different degrees of nanoparticle aggregation, as evidenced...

Although the benefits of topical sensitizer administration have been confirmed for photodynamic therapy (PDT), ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX is the only sensitizer clinically used with this administration route. Unfortunately, ALA-PDT results in poor treatment response for thicker lesions. Here, selectivity and depth distribution of the highly potent sensitizer meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin ...

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a respiratory irritant and dermal sensitizer that has been associated with occupational asthma in a small number of case reports. Those reports have raised concern that it might be a respiratory sensitizer. To better understand that possibility, we reviewed the in silico, in chemico, in vitro, and in vivo toxicology literature, and also epidemiologic and occupationa...