Financing behavior, based on the financing decision made by the owner of urban rail transit projects, will directly affect the capital cost of its operation and the construction schedule of the project. This paper intended to combine financing demand and financing options with the project construction schedule, quality and investment management, and based on DEMATEL methodology, to identify and...

We propose a two-stage process called minority voting to allocate public projects in a polity. In the first period, a society decides by a simple majority decision whether to provide the public project. If the proposal in the first period is rejected, the process ends. Otherwise the process continues, but only the members of the minority keep agenda and voting rights for the second stage, in wh...

Financing is the bottleneck that restricting the development of China's small and medium enterprises. The root cause of financing difficulty for SMEs is the serious information asymmetry that exists between financial institutions, which lead to adverse selection and moral hazard. In this paper, financing theories of SMEs information dissymmetry and credit rationing theories are used to analyze ...

This EIF Working Paper takes a holistic approach to investigate SME financing patterns in Europe by performing a cluster analysis including 12,726 SMEs in 28 European countries. The results reveal that SME financing in Europe is not homogenous but that different financing patterns exist. The cluster analysis identifies six distinct SME financing types: mixed-financed SMEs, statesubsidised SMEs,...

In recent years, with the quickly development of the supply chain finance, the cost of corporate finance would become an important way for enterprises to solve their financial problems. In China, the financing model of supply chain finance mainly for accounts receivable financing, inventory financing pledge financing, advances and financing. Three financing models are used in different larger c...

BACKGROUND Since the early 2000s, there have been large increases in donor financing of human resources for health (HRH), yet few studies have examined their effects on health systems. OBJECTIVE To determine the scope and impact of investments in HRH by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund), the largest investor in HRH outside national governments. METHODS We...

INTRODUCTION Health care financing provides the resources and economic incentives for operating health systems and is a key determinant of health system performance. Equitable financing is based on: financial protection, progressive financing and cross-subsidies. This paper describes Uganda's health care financing landscape and documents the key equity issues associated with the current financi...

This paper (a) provides a methodological taxonomy of pricing, financing, reimbursement, and cost containment methodologies for pharmaceuticals; (b) analyzes complex agency relationships and the health versus industrial policy tradeoff; (c) pinpoints financing measures to balance safety and effectiveness of medicines and their affordability by publicly funded systems in transition; and (d) highl...

We use the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to estimate the direct medical costs of diabetes. Separate estimates of the cost of diabetes are developed from an attributable risk procedure and a two-part regression model. Costs include expenditures to treat diabetes, chronic complications of the disease, and co-morbidities requiring additional health care resources because the person is diabetic....