Clusters of simultaneous multiple mutations can be a source of rapid change during carcinogenesis and evolution. Such mutation clusters have been recently shown to originate from DNA damage within long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) formed at resected double-strand breaks and dysfunctional replication forks. Here, we identify double-strand break (DSB)-induced replication (BIR) as another powerful ...

exposure to air pollutants, steel dust or other occupational and environmental hazards as oxidative stress have adverse effects on subway workers' health. oxidative stress generates an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ros) and oxygen free radicals during their work time in the tunnels. once dna is repaired, urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-ohdg) is excreted in the urine. therefor...

Poor local control and tumor escape are of major concern in head-and-neck cancers treated by conventional radiotherapy or hadrontherapy. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is suspected of playing an important role in mechanisms leading to radioresistance, and its depletion should enable oxidative stress insult, thereby modifying the nature of DNA lesions and the subsequent chromosomal changes that poten...

Abstract The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is a key factor in tumor suppression and responses to genotoxic chemo- radiotherapy. Master DDR regulators include three phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase–related kinases (PIKK) called ATM, ATR, the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PKcs. Among their many functions, PIKKs regulate repair double-strand breaks (DSB) by homologous ...

this study was designed to evaluate the detrimental effect of atrazine (atr) on germinal epitheliums (ge) cytoplasmic carbohydrate (ch) and unsaturated fatty acids (ufa) ratio and to clarify the effect of atr on serum levels of fsh, lh, testosterone and inhibin-b (inh-b). the impact of atr exposure on total antioxidant capacity (tac), sperm dna packing and integrity were also investigated. seve...

background: boron and gadolinium are among the nuclides that hold a unique property of being a neutron capture therapy agent. neutron beams have often a considerable portion of gamma rays with fast neutrons. gamma rays, as beam contaminants, can cause considerable damage to normal tissues even if such tissues do contain high boron concentrations. materials and methods: the modification of radio...

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a cancer predisposition syndrome and the factors defective in FA are involved in DNA replication, DNA damage repair and tumor suppression. Here, we show that FANCD2 is critical for genome stability maintenance in response to high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. We found that FANCD2 is monoubiquitinated and recruited to the sites of clustered DNA double-stranded br...