Ferulic acid is a caffeic acid derivative and a common phenolic compound quite abundant in various medicinal plants that used for pain relief. The antinociceptive effect of ferulic acid has been shown; however, the action mechanisms of ferulic acid still remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of action of ferulic acid-induced antinociception i...

This research was done to test the effect of Rosa damascena essential oil on withdrawal signsof naloxone-precipitated morphine in male mice. Morphine dependence was induced by injection(IP) three times daily at doses of 50, 50 and 75 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 days. On day 4,after the last administration of morphine, Rosa damascena essential oil was administered atdifferent concentrations (5, 2...

backgrounds and aims: cinnamomum zeylanicum is a medicinal herb used in iranian traditional medicine as an analgesic spice, which its analgesic effect has been experimentally confirmed. thus, this study was conducted to compare the antinociceptive effect of cinnamon essential oil (ceo) with those of morphine and diclofenac in mice. materials and methods: 80 male albino mice were selected and ra...

cuminum cyminum linn. (umbelliferae) is a plant, which has been used as a toothache remedy in folk medicine of iran. in this study, the potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit essential oil of c. cyminum has been evaluated in chemical (formalin test) and thermal (tail-flick test) models of nociception and formalin model of acute inflammation in rats and mice. th...

BACKGROUND Multimodal analgesia combining several non-opioid analgesics is recommended for pain control after surgery. In one study of total hip arthroplasty (THA), pain relief achieved by adding ketamine to the paracetamol-ketoprofen combination was statistically significant but remained inadequate in most patients. In two other studies, the analgesic effect of nefopam was synergistic with tha...

Background: Edible film is a food packaging that can be eaten directly and have protection function of outside contamination. The purpose of this research is to know how about the effect of using a glycerol plasticizer to film whey-konjac edible films that enriched with clove essential oil. Methods: A completely randomized design was used by different clove essential oil including P10, 0% clov...

This study investigated the possible antinociceptive effect of p-cymene in different tests of orofacial nociception. The animals (mice) were pretreated (i.p.) with p-cymene (25, 50, 100 mg/kg), morphine (5 mg/kg), or vehicle (0.2% Tween 80+saline), and were then subsequently administered, subcutaneously into their upper lip: formalin, capsaicin, and glutamate. The nociceptive behavior response ...

background and objective: today, opioids are used to control and relieve acute and chronic pain. however, the incidence of both tolerance and dependence phenomena for these drugs is a major problem. so, in this study, the combination effect of haloperidol and methadone on the acquisition and expression of morphine dependence and tolerance was examined.    materials and methods: ninety-eight mic...

In this study, the effects of subcutaneous (SC) injection of pilocarpine (a cholinomimetic agent) and atropine (a muscarinic receptors antagonist) were investigated on a tonic model of orofacial pain in rats. The contribution of the endogenous analgesic opioid system was assessed using naloxone (an opioid receptors antagonist). Tonic orofacial pain was induced by SC injection of a diluted forma...

Opioid-induced analgesia can be followed by spontaneous pain in humans, and hyperalgesia in rodents. In this study, opioid-induced hyperalgesia was measured by the tail-flick test when acute abstinence was precipitated by administering naloxone to drug naive rats that had experienced morphine analgesia for only 30 min. In a further experiment, the drug treatment that previously caused opioid-in...