In an exploration of the birthplaces of globular clusters, we present a careful examination of the formation of self-gravitating gas clouds within assembling dark matter haloes in a hierarchical cosmological model. Our high-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamical simulations are designed to determine whether or not hypothesized supergiant molecular clouds (SGMCs) form and, if they do, to de...

We present an empirical dynamical model of the local interstellar medium based on 270 radial-velocity measurements for 157 sight lines toward nearby stars. Physical-parameter measurements (i.e., temperature, turbulent velocity, depletions) are available for 90 components, or one-third of the sample, enabling initial characterizations of the physical properties of LISM clouds. The model includes...

[1] Documentation of the effects of clouds on the radiant energy balance of the surface and atmosphere represents a shortcoming in the set of observations that are needed to ascertain the validity of climate model simulations. While clouds are known to cool the climate system from top of atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget studies, the redistribution of energy between the surface and atmosphere a...

Cloud fraction (CF) plays a crucial role in the Earth’s radiative energy budget and thus in the climate. Reliable long-term measurements of CF are rare. The ground-based TROpospheric WAter RAdiometer (TROWARA) at Bern, Switzerland continuously measures integrated liquid water and infrared brightness temperature with a time resolution of 6–11 s since 2004. The view direction of TROWARA is consta...

[1] Near-global analysis of 183 GHz measurements from the NOAA-15 advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) B was conducted to investigate the impact of cold (< 240 K at 11 mm) clouds on upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) observations and in assessing the potential for deriving cloud microphysical properties. Collocated advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data aided in identifying clo...

The cloud liquid water content (CLWC) data in time and space from a total of 96 pairs of target (T) and control (C) experiments were analysed in this study to compare the responses of CLWC to hygroscopic seeding of warm clouds. Our results of various approaches taken for this analysis have indicated significant modifications in the CLWC for the T clouds as against C clouds. Analysis of changes ...

Recently, computer graphics have been used to simulate natural phenomena, such as clouds, fire, and ocean waves. This paper focuses on the evolution of clouds and proposes a simulation method for dynamic clouds. The method makes use of the cellular automaton for calculating the density distribution of clouds which varies over time. By using the cellular automaton, the distribution can be obtain...

Clouds have been observed recently on Titan, through the thick haze, using near-infrared spectroscopy and images near the south pole and in temperate regions near 40 degrees S. Recent telescope and Cassini orbiter observations are now providing an insight into cloud climatology. To study clouds, we have developed a general circulation model of Titan that includes cloud microphysics. We identify...

New observations of the neutral hydrogen (Hi) in and around the line of sight of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal (dSph) are presented. The data obtained with the single-dish Parkes telescope cover a large area of 7 × 7 in the direction of the dwarf, and have resolutions of 15.5 × 1.12 km s. The Australia Telescope Compact Array was used to map a smaller area of 2. 2 × 2. 2 centered on the directi...

Observed and modeled rainfall occurrence from shallow (warm) maritime clouds and their composite statistical relationships with cloud macrophysical properties are analyzed and directly compared. Rain falls from;25%of warm, single-layered, maritime clouds observed byCloudSat and from;27%of the analogous warm clouds simulated within a large-domain, fine-resolution radiative–convective equilibrium...